Melanosome Biogenesis in the Pigmentation of Mammalian Skin.
Journal
Integrative and comparative biology
ISSN: 1557-7023
Titre abrégé: Integr Comp Biol
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101152341
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
14 10 2021
14 10 2021
Historique:
pubmed:
23
5
2021
medline:
26
11
2021
entrez:
22
5
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Melanins, the main pigments of the skin and hair in mammals, are synthesized within membrane-bound organelles of melanocytes called melanosomes. Melanosome structure and function are determined by a cohort of resident transmembrane proteins, many of which are expressed only in pigment cells and localize specifically to melanosomes. Defects in the genes that encode melanosome-specific proteins or components of the machinery required for their transport in and out of melanosomes underlie various forms of ocular or oculocutaneous albinism, characterized by hypopigmentation of the hair, skin, and eyes and by visual impairment. We review major components of melanosomes, including the enzymes that catalyze steps in melanin synthesis from tyrosine precursors, solute transporters that allow these enzymes to function, and structural proteins that underlie melanosome shape and melanin deposition. We then review the molecular mechanisms by which these components are biosynthetically delivered to newly forming melanosomes-many of which are shared by other cell types that generate cell type-specific lysosome-related organelles. We also highlight unanswered questions that need to be addressed by future investigation.
Identifiants
pubmed: 34021746
pii: 6281073
doi: 10.1093/icb/icab078
pmc: PMC8516112
doi:
Substances chimiques
Melanins
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
1517-1545Subventions
Organisme : NIAMS NIH HHS
ID : R01 AR071382
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIAMS NIH HHS
ID : R01 AR076241
Pays : United States
Organisme : NEI NIH HHS
ID : R01 EY015625
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIH HHS
ID : R01 EY015625
Pays : United States
Organisme : NEI NIH HHS
ID : R01 AR076241
Pays : United States
Organisme : National Institute for Arthritis, Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases
Organisme : Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale
ID : DEQU201903007827
Organisme : Fondation ARC pour la Recherche sur le Cancer
ID : ARCPJA22020060002267
Organisme : Agence Nationale de la Recherche
ID : ANR-17-CE11-0029-03
Organisme : LabEx Cell(n)Scale
ID : ANR-11-LABX-0038
Organisme : L'Oréal Research and Development (to G.R.)
Organisme : Institut Curie (to G.R.), l'Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM, to C.D.), and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS, to G.R.)
Informations de copyright
© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology. All rights reserved. For permissions please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.
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