The Neuroanatomy of Transgender Identity: Mega-Analytic Findings From the ENIGMA Transgender Persons Working Group.

Brain / diagnostic imaging Female Gender Identity Humans Infant, Newborn Male Neuroanatomy Transgender Persons Transsexualism / diagnostic imaging
Anatomy ENIGMA MRI Mega-analysis Sex differences Transgender

Journal

The journal of sexual medicine
ISSN: 1743-6109
Titre abrégé: J Sex Med
Pays: Netherlands
ID NLM: 101230693

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
06 2021
Historique:
received: 19 10 2020
revised: 22 02 2021
accepted: 24 03 2021
pubmed: 26 5 2021
medline: 9 7 2021
entrez: 25 5 2021
Statut: ppublish

Résumé

In contrast to cisgender persons, transgender persons identify with a different gender than the one assigned at birth. Although research on the underlying neurobiology of transgender persons has been accumulating over the years, neuroimaging studies in this relatively rare population are often based on very small samples resulting in discrepant findings. To examine the neurobiology of transgender persons in a large sample. Using a mega-analytic approach, structural MRI data of 803 non-hormonally treated transgender men (TM, n = 214, female assigned at birth with male gender identity), transgender women (TW, n = 172, male assigned at birth with female gender identity), cisgender men (CM, n = 221, male assigned at birth with male gender identity) and cisgender women (CW, n = 196, female assigned at birth with female gender identity) were analyzed. Structural brain measures, including grey matter volume, cortical surface area, and cortical thickness. Transgender persons differed significantly from cisgender persons with respect to (sub)cortical brain volumes and surface area, but not cortical thickness. Contrasting the 4 groups (TM, TW, CM, and CW), we observed a variety of patterns that not only depended on the direction of gender identity (towards male or towards female) but also on the brain measure as well as the brain region examined. The outcomes of this large-scale study may provide a normative framework that may become useful in clinical studies. While this is the largest study of MRI data in transgender persons to date, the analyses conducted were governed (and restricted) by the type of data collected across all participating sites. Rather than being merely shifted towards either end of the male-female spectrum, transgender persons seem to present with their own unique brain phenotype. Mueller SC, Guillamon A, Zubiaurre-Elorza L, et al. The Neuroanatomy of Transgender Identity: Mega-Analytic Findings From the ENIGMA Transgender Persons Working Group. J Sex Med 2021;18:1122-1129.

Sections du résumé

BACKGROUND
In contrast to cisgender persons, transgender persons identify with a different gender than the one assigned at birth. Although research on the underlying neurobiology of transgender persons has been accumulating over the years, neuroimaging studies in this relatively rare population are often based on very small samples resulting in discrepant findings.
AIM
To examine the neurobiology of transgender persons in a large sample.
METHODS
Using a mega-analytic approach, structural MRI data of 803 non-hormonally treated transgender men (TM, n = 214, female assigned at birth with male gender identity), transgender women (TW, n = 172, male assigned at birth with female gender identity), cisgender men (CM, n = 221, male assigned at birth with male gender identity) and cisgender women (CW, n = 196, female assigned at birth with female gender identity) were analyzed.
OUTCOMES
Structural brain measures, including grey matter volume, cortical surface area, and cortical thickness.
RESULTS
Transgender persons differed significantly from cisgender persons with respect to (sub)cortical brain volumes and surface area, but not cortical thickness. Contrasting the 4 groups (TM, TW, CM, and CW), we observed a variety of patterns that not only depended on the direction of gender identity (towards male or towards female) but also on the brain measure as well as the brain region examined.
CLINICAL TRANSLATION
The outcomes of this large-scale study may provide a normative framework that may become useful in clinical studies.
STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS
While this is the largest study of MRI data in transgender persons to date, the analyses conducted were governed (and restricted) by the type of data collected across all participating sites.
CONCLUSION
Rather than being merely shifted towards either end of the male-female spectrum, transgender persons seem to present with their own unique brain phenotype. Mueller SC, Guillamon A, Zubiaurre-Elorza L, et al. The Neuroanatomy of Transgender Identity: Mega-Analytic Findings From the ENIGMA Transgender Persons Working Group. J Sex Med 2021;18:1122-1129.

Identifiants

DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2021.03.079 PMID: 34030966
pubmed: 34030966
pii: S1743-6095(21)00425-2
doi: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2021.03.079
pii:
doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

1122-1129

Subventions

Organisme : Austrian Science Fund FWF
ID : KLI 504
Pays : Austria

Informations de copyright

Copyright © 2021 International Society for Sexual Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Auteurs

Sven C Mueller (SC)

Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Personality, Psychological Assessment and Treatment, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain. Electronic address: Sven.Mueller@UGent.be.

Antonio Guillamon (A)

Deparment of Psychobiology, National Distance Education University, Madrid, Spain.

Leire Zubiaurre-Elorza (L)

Department of Methods and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain.

Carme Junque (C)

Department of Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona.

Esther Gomez-Gil (E)

Gender Identity Unit, Clinic Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.

Carme Uribe (C)

Department of Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona.

Behzad S Khorashad (BS)

Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden.

Behnaz Khazai (B)

Keck School of Medicine, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Ali Talaei (A)

Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.

Ute Habel (U)

Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Clinic RWTH, Aachen, Germany; Research Centre Jülich, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-10), Jülich, Germany.

Mikhail Votinov (M)

Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Clinic RWTH, Aachen, Germany; Research Centre Jülich, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-10), Jülich, Germany.

Birgit Derntl (B)

Deptarment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tuebingen, Germany.

Rupert Lanzenberger (R)

Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.

Rene Seiger (R)

Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.

Georg S Kranz (GS)

Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hongkong.

Baudewijntje P C Kreukels (BPC)

Medical Psychology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Peggy T Cohen Kettenis (PTC)

Medical Psychology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Sarah M Burke (SM)

Psychology, Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Leiden, Leiden, The Netherlands.

Nils B Lambalk (NB)

Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Dick J Veltman (DJ)

Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Mathilde Kennis (M)

Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.

Francisco J Sánchez (FJ)

College of Education, University of Missouri, MO, USA.

Eric Vilain (E)

Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington DC, USA; Department of Genomics and Precision Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.

Alessandra Daphne Fisher (AD)

Andrology, Women's Endocrinology, Gender Incongruence Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy.

Mario Mascalchi (M)

Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.

Gioele Gavazzi (G)

Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research, Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.

Stefano Orsolini (S)

Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Information Engineering "Guglielmo Marconi", University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy.

Jiska Ristori (J)

Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington DC, USA.

Udo Dannlowski (U)

Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany.

Dominik Grotegerd (D)

Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany.

Carsten Konrad (C)

Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Agaplesion Diakonieklinikum, Rotenburg, Germany.

Maiko Abel Schneider (MA)

McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.

Guy T'Sjoen (G)

Department of Endocrinology & Center for Sexology and Gender, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.

Eileen Luders (E)

School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.

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Classifications MeSH

questionsmedicales.fr › Système nerveux › Système nerveux central › Encéphale › The Neuroanatomy of Transgender Identity:...
questionsmedicales.fr › Phénomènes psychologiques › Théorie psychologique › Théorie psychanalytique › Développement psychosexuel › Identité de genre › The Neuroanatomy of Transgender Identity:...
questionsmedicales.fr › Eucaryotes › Animaux › Chordés › Vertébrés › Mammifères › Eutheria › Primates › Haplorhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Humains › The Neuroanatomy of Transgender Identity:...
questionsmedicales.fr › Personnes › Tranches d'âge › Nourrisson › Nouveau-né › The Neuroanatomy of Transgender Identity:...
questionsmedicales.fr › Disciplines des sciences naturelles › Disciplines des sciences biologiques › Neurosciences › Neuroanatomie › The Neuroanatomy of Transgender Identity:...
questionsmedicales.fr › Personnes › Disparités en matière de santé, minorités et populations vulnérables › Minorités sexuelles › Personnes transgenres › The Neuroanatomy of Transgender Identity:...
questionsmedicales.fr › Comportement et mécanismes comportementaux › Comportement › Comportement sexuel › Transsexualisme › The Neuroanatomy of Transgender Identity:...