Skin cancer knowledge, attitudes, and practices among non-medical skin care professionals: A narrative review of cross-sectional and interventional studies.
attitude
knowledge
melanoma
non-medical professionals
practice
review
skin cancer
Journal
Journal of cosmetic dermatology
ISSN: 1473-2165
Titre abrégé: J Cosmet Dermatol
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101130964
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Aug 2021
Aug 2021
Historique:
received:
13
04
2021
accepted:
20
05
2021
pubmed:
29
5
2021
medline:
7
8
2021
entrez:
28
5
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Skin cancers are the most common malignancies in the United States. Total body skin examination by a physician, especially a dermatologist, is the gold standard for detecting suspicious lesions that may require further evaluation. Non-medical professionals (NMPs) including massage therapists, estheticians, hairdressers, and cosmetologists have the unique opportunity to frequently examine their client's skin outside of a clinical setting. By evaluating their knowledge of and comfort with evaluation of suspicious lesions, multiple studies have gauged the utility of patient encounters with NMPs for skin cancer detection. Several studies have also focused on assessment of intervention strategies for assessing and improving NMPs ability to detect suspicious lesions and to refer for physician evaluation when necessary. To conduct a narrative review of skin cancer knowledge, attitudes, and practices among NMPs. A systematic search of the databases yielded 16 studies for review. A total of 8 cross-sectional studies examined the knowledge and attitudes of NMPs toward skin evaluation, and 8 studies assessed interventional strategies for improving NMPs' ability to assess skin lesions for consideration of physician referral. This review finds that NMPs are open to the idea of examining the exposed body surfaces relevant to their work with clients and are willing to refer for physician evaluation when needed. Multiple interventional strategies have demonstrated success with educating NMPs on the importance of skin surveillance and the characteristic physical examination findings associated with skin cancers. Strengthening the readiness of NMPs to examine their client's skin offers an opportunity to reduce time to skin cancer diagnosis, improve patient outcomes, and lower healthcare-associated costs of skin cancer treatment.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
Skin cancers are the most common malignancies in the United States. Total body skin examination by a physician, especially a dermatologist, is the gold standard for detecting suspicious lesions that may require further evaluation. Non-medical professionals (NMPs) including massage therapists, estheticians, hairdressers, and cosmetologists have the unique opportunity to frequently examine their client's skin outside of a clinical setting. By evaluating their knowledge of and comfort with evaluation of suspicious lesions, multiple studies have gauged the utility of patient encounters with NMPs for skin cancer detection. Several studies have also focused on assessment of intervention strategies for assessing and improving NMPs ability to detect suspicious lesions and to refer for physician evaluation when necessary.
AIMS
OBJECTIVE
To conduct a narrative review of skin cancer knowledge, attitudes, and practices among NMPs.
PATIENTS/METHODS
METHODS
A systematic search of the databases yielded 16 studies for review. A total of 8 cross-sectional studies examined the knowledge and attitudes of NMPs toward skin evaluation, and 8 studies assessed interventional strategies for improving NMPs' ability to assess skin lesions for consideration of physician referral.
RESULTS
RESULTS
This review finds that NMPs are open to the idea of examining the exposed body surfaces relevant to their work with clients and are willing to refer for physician evaluation when needed. Multiple interventional strategies have demonstrated success with educating NMPs on the importance of skin surveillance and the characteristic physical examination findings associated with skin cancers.
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSIONS
Strengthening the readiness of NMPs to examine their client's skin offers an opportunity to reduce time to skin cancer diagnosis, improve patient outcomes, and lower healthcare-associated costs of skin cancer treatment.
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
2437-2457Informations de copyright
© 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Références
American Cancer Society; 2019. https://www.cancer.org/content/dam/cancer-org/research/cancer-facts-and-statistics/annual-cancer-facts-and-figures/2019/cancer-facts-and-figures-2019.pdf. Accessed February 28, 2021.
Staples MP, Elwood M, Burton RC, Williams JL, Marks R, Giles GG. Non-melanoma skin cancer in Australia: the 2002 national survey and trends since 1985. Med J Aust. 2006;184(1):6-10.
Shih ST, Carter R, Heward S, Sinclair C. Economic evaluation of future skin cancer prevention in Australia. Prev Med. 2017;99:7-12.
Cancer Research UK. 2021. Melanoma skin cancer incidence statistics. https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/health-professional/cancer-statistics/statistics-by-cancer-type/melanoma-skin-cancer/incidence. Accessed March 1, 2021.
Skin Cancer Prevention and Early Detection. [PDF] American Cancer Society. https://www.cancer.org/content/dam/CRC/PDF/Public/6930.00.pdf. Accessed March 1, 2021.
Mofidi A, Tompa E, Spencer J, et al. The economic burden of occupational non-melanoma skin cancer due to solar radiation. J Occup Environ Hyg. 2018;15(6):481-491.
Leiter U, Eigentler T, Garbe C. Epidemiology of Skin Cancer. In: Reichrath J ed. Sunlight, Vitamin D and Skin Cancer, 2nd edn. New York, NY: Springer; 2014:120-140.
Nahar V, Mayer J, Grant-Kels J. The case for skin cancer screening with total-body skin examinations. JAMA Oncol. 2016;2(8):999.
Johnson MM, Leachman SA, Aspinwall LG, et al. Skin cancer screening: recommendations for data-driven screening guidelines and a review of the US preventive services task force controversy. Melanoma Manag. 2017;4(1):13-37.
Pillemer BB, Pugliano-Mauro MA, Ferris LK, Patton TJ. Three cases of scalp melanomas discovered by hairdressers. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2013;6(8):32-34.
Armstrong B, English D. Cutaneous malignant melanoma. Cancer Epidemiol Prev. 1996;1(2):1282-1312.
Green A, Maclennan R, And PY, Martin N. Site distribution of cutaneous melanoma in queensland. Int J Cancer. 1993;53(2):232-236.
Bailey E. Skin cancer knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors in the salon. Arch Dermatol. 2011;147(10):1159.
Turrisi R, Gunn H, Hultgren B, Warner N, Mallett K. The style project: feasibility of collaborating with salons for prevention and early detection of skin cancer. Arch Dermatol. 2012;148(10):1206.
Campbell S, Louie-Gao Q, Hession M, Bailey E, Geller A, Cummins D. Skin cancer education among massage therapists: a survey at the 2010 meeting of the American massage therapy association. J Cancer Educ. 2012;28(1):158-164.
Roosta N, Black D, Wong M, Woodley D. Assessing hairdressers’ knowledge of scalp and neck melanoma and their willingness to detect lesions and make referrals to dermatologists. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2013;68(1):183-185.
Zuba E, Francuzik W, Malicki P, Osmola-Mankowska A, Jenerowicz D. Knowledge about ultraviolet radiation hazards and tanning behavior of cosmetology and medical students. Acta Dermatovenerol Croat. 2016;24(1):73.
Loescher LJ, Howerter AL, Heslin KM, Azzolina CM, Muramoto ML. A survey of licensed massage therapists’ perceptions of skin cancer prevention and detection activities. Int J Ther Massage Bodywork. 2018;11(4):4-10.
Gibbs D, Ng S, Baranowski M, et al. Skin cancer surveillance practices and attitudes among hairdressers: a cross-sectional study in Atlanta, Georgia. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2019. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0190962219323941?via%3Dihub. (in press).
Vollono L, Paolino G, Buonocore A, Donati M. Assessing beauticians’ knowledge of cutaneous melanoma and willingness to contribute to melanoma surveillance practices on the general population. An Bras Dermatol. 2020;95(6):764-765.
Ng A, Chang A, Cockburn M, Peng D. A simple intervention to reinforce awareness of tanning bed use and skin cancer in non-medical skin care professionals in Southern California. Int J Dermatol. 2012;51(11):1307-1312.
Trotter S, Louie-Gao Q, Hession M, Cummins D. Skin cancer education for massage therapists: a novel approach to the early detection of suspicious lesions. J Cancer Educ. 2014;29(2):266-269.
Black N, O’Reilly G, Pun S, Black D, Woodley D. Improving hairdressers’ knowledge and self-efficacy to detect scalp and neck melanoma by use of an educational video. JAMA Dermatol. 2018;154(2):214.
Bahnson A, Kondratuk K, Anderson S. Skin cancer education in the rural salon. S D Med. 2019;72(6):267-271.
Haughtigan K, House S, Main M. Improving skin cancer knowledge and awareness in cosmetology students. J Dermatol Nurses Assoc. 2019;11(5):214-219.
Radisic A, Hundley K, Patel N, Nelson C, Mhaskar R. Assessment of impact of a skin cancer education session on cosmetology students’ knowledge and preparedness to assess future clients for skin lesions. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2019;19(1):205-210.
Loescher L, Heslin K, Silva G, Muramoto M. Partnering with massage therapists to communicate information on reducing the risk of skin cancer among clients: longitudinal study. JMIR Form Res. 2020;4(11):e21309.
Fischbach L, Faramawi M, Girard D, Thapa S, Travers R. Training cosmetology students in Arkansas to help dermatologists find skin cancers earlier: results of a cluster-randomized controlled trial. J Public Health (Oxf). 2020. https://academic.oup.com/jpubhealth/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/pubmed/fdaa109/5876935?redirectedFrom=fulltext. (in press).
Goldstein A, Tucker M. Dysplastic nevi and melanoma. Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev. 2013;22(4):528-532.
Hurtubise L, Martin B, Gilliland A, Mahan J. To play or not to play: leveraging video in medical education. J Grad Med Educ. 2013;5(1):13-18.
Brame C. Effective educational videos: principles and guidelines for maximizing student learning from video content. CBE-life sciences. Education. 2016;15(4):es6.