Hypertension in kidney transplantation: a consensus statement of the 'hypertension and the kidney' working group of the European Society of Hypertension.
Journal
Journal of hypertension
ISSN: 1473-5598
Titre abrégé: J Hypertens
Pays: Netherlands
ID NLM: 8306882
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
01 08 2021
01 08 2021
Historique:
pubmed:
1
6
2021
medline:
16
10
2021
entrez:
31
5
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Hypertension is common in kidney transplantation recipients and may be difficult to treat. Factors present before kidney transplantation, related to the transplantation procedure itself and factors developing after transplantation may contribute to blood pressure (BP) elevation in kidney transplant recipients. The present consensus is based on the results of three recent systematic reviews, the latest guidelines and the current literature. The current transplant guidelines, which recommend only office BP assessments for risk stratification in kidney transplant patients should be reconsidered, given the presence of white-coat hypertension and masked hypertension in this population and the better prediction of adverse outcomes by 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring as indicated in recent systematic reviews. Hypertension is associated with adverse kidney and cardiovascular outcomes and decreased survival in kidney transplant recipients. Current evidence suggests calcium channel blockers could be the preferred first-step antihypertensive agents in kidney transplant patients, as they improve graft function and reduce graft loss, whereas no clear benefit is documented for renin-angiotensin system inhibitor use over conventional treatment in the current literature. Randomized control trials demonstrating the clinical benefits of BP lowering on kidney and major cardiovascular events and recording patient-related outcomes are still needed. These trials should define optimal BP targets for kidney transplant recipients. In the absence of kidney transplant-specific evidence, BP targets in kidney transplant recipients should be similar to those in the wider chronic kidney disease population.
Identifiants
pubmed: 34054055
doi: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000002879
pii: 00004872-202108000-00005
doi:
Substances chimiques
Antihypertensive Agents
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
1513-1521Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2021 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
Références
Halimi JM, Persu A, Sarafidis PA, Burnier M, Abramowicz D, Sautenet B, et al. Optimizing hypertension management in renal transplantation: a call to action. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2017; 32:1959–1962.
Parati G, Stergiou G, O’Brien E, Asmar R, Beilin L, Bilo G, et al. European Society of Hypertension practice guidelines for ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. J Hypertens 2014; 32:1359–1366.
Kario K, Shimbo D, Hoshide S, Wang JG, Asayama K, Ohkubo T, et al. Emergence of home blood pressure-guided management of hypertension based on global evidence. Hypertension 2019; 74:229–236.
McManus RJ, Caulfield M, Williams B. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellenc. NICE hypertension guideline 2011: evidence based evolution. BMJ 2012; 344:e181.
Lovibond K, Jowett S, Barton P, Caulfield M, Heneghan C, Hobbs FD, et al. Cost-effectiveness of options for the diagnosis of high blood pressure in primary care: a modelling study. Lancet 2011; 378:1219–1230.
Piper MA, Evans CV, Burda BU, Margolis KL, O’Connor E, Whitlock EP. Diagnostic and predictive accuracy of blood pressure screening methods with consideration of rescreening intervals: a systematic review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern Med 2015; 162:192–204.
Whelton PK, Carey RM, Aronow WS, Casey DE Jr, Collins KJ, Dennison Himmelfarb C, et al. 2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA Guideline for the prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of high blood pressure in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Hypertension 2018; 71:e13–e115.
Cheung AK, Chang TI, Cushman WC, Furth SL, Hou FF, Ix JH, et al. Executive summary of the KDIGO 2021 clinical practice guideline for the management of blood pressure in chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 2021; 99:559–569.
Mallamaci F, Tripepi R, D’Arrigo G, Porto G, Versace MC, Marino C, et al. Long-term blood pressure monitoring by office and 24-h ambulatory blood pressure in renal transplant patients: a longitudinal study. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2019; 34:1558–1564.
Mallamaci F, Tripepi R, Leonardis D, Mafrica A, Versace MC, Provenzano F, et al. Nocturnal hypertension and altered night-day BP profile and atherosclerosis in renal transplant patients. Transplantation 2016; 100:2211–2218.
Hamdani G, Nehus EJ, Hanevold CD, Sebestyen Van Sickle J, Woroniecki R, Wenderfer SE, et al. Ambulatory blood pressure, left ventricular hypertrophy, and allograft function in children and young adults after kidney transplantation. Transplantation 2017; 101:150–156.
Kayrak M, Gul EE, Kaya C, Solak Y, Turkmen K, Yazici R, et al. Masked hypertension in renal transplant recipients. Blood Press 2014; 23:47–53.
Mallamaci F, D’Arrigo G, Tripepi R, Leonardis D, Porto G, Testa A, et al. Office, standardized and 24-h ambulatory blood pressure and renal function loss in renal transplant patients. J Hypertens 2018; 36:119–125.
Wadei HM, Amer H, Griffin MD, Taler SJ, Stegall MD, Textor SC. Abnormal circadian blood pressure pattern 1-year after kidney transplantation is associated with subsequent lower glomerular filtration rate in recipients without rejection. J Am Soc Hypertens 2011; 5:39–47.
Pisano A, Mallamasci F, D’Arrigo G, Bolignano D, Wuerzner G, Ortiz A, et al. Assessment of hypertension in kidney transplantation by ambulatory pressure monitoring: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Hypertens 2021.
Ducloux D, Motte G, Kribs M, Abdelfatah AB, Bresson-Vautrin C, Rebibou JM, et al. Hypertension in renal transplantation: donor and recipient risk factors. Clin Nephrol 2002; 57:409–413.
Halimi JM. Albuminuria, proteinuria, and graft survival in kidney transplantation. Am J Kidney Dis 2011; 58:1037author reply-8.
Halimi JM, Laouad I, Buchler M, Al-Najjar A, Chatelet V, Houssaini TS, et al. Early low-grade proteinuria: causes, short-term evolution and long-term consequences in renal transplantation. Am J Transplant 2005; 5:2281–2288.
Fernandez-Fresnedo G, Plaza JJ, Sanchez-Plumed J, Sanz-Guajardo A, Palomar-Fontanet R, Arias M. Proteinuria: a new marker of long-term graft and patient survival in kidney transplantation. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2004; 19: (Suppl 3): iii47–iii51.
Ozkayar N, Altun B, Yildirim T, Yilmaz R, Dede F, Arik G, et al. Blood pressure measurements, blood pressure variability and endothelial function in renal transplant recipients. Clin Exp Hypertens 2014; 36:392–397.
du Cailar G, Oudot C, Fesler P, Mimran A, Bonnet B, Pernin V, et al. Left ventricular mass changes after renal transplantation: influence of dietary sodium and change in serum uric acid. Transplantation 2014; 98:202–207.
Rigatto C, Foley RN, Kent GM, Guttmann R, Parfrey PS. Long-term changes in left ventricular hypertrophy after renal transplantation. Transplantation 2000; 70:570–575.
Becker-Cohen R, Nir A, Ben-Shalom E, Rinat C, Feinstein S, Farber B, et al. Improved left ventricular mass index in children after renal transplantation. Pediatr Nephrol 2008; 23:1545–1550.
Pisano AMF, D’Arrigo G, Bolignano D, Wuerzner G, Ortiz A, Burnier M, et al. Blood pressure monitoring in kidney transplantation: a systemic review on hypertension and target organ damage. J Hypertens 2021.
Bachy C, Alexandre GP, van Ypersele de Strihou C. Hypertension after renal transplantation. Br Med J 1976; 2:1287–1289.
Campistol JM, Romero R, Paul J, Gutierrez-Dalmau A. Epidemiology of arterial hypertension in renal transplant patients: changes over the last decade. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2004; 19: (Suppl 3): iii62–iii66.
Zhang R, Leslie B, Boudreaux JP, Frey D, Reisin E. Hypertension after kidney transplantation: impact, pathogenesis and therapy. Am J Med Sci 2003; 325:202–208.
Weir MR, Burgess ED, Cooper JE, Fenves AZ, Goldsmith D, McKay D, et al. Assessment and management of hypertension in transplant patients. J Am Soc Nephrol 2015; 26:1248–1260.
Opelz G, Wujciak T, Ritz E. Association of chronic kidney graft failure with recipient blood pressure. Collaborative Transplant Study. Kidney Int 1998; 53:217–222.
Opelz G, Dohler B, Collaborative Transplant S. Improved long-term outcomes after renal transplantation associated with blood pressure control. Am J Transplant 2005; 5:2725–2731.
Kasiske BL, Anjum S, Shah R, Skogen J, Kandaswamy C, Danielson B, et al. Hypertension after kidney transplantation. Am J Kidney Dis 2004; 43:1071–1081.
Cosio FG, Dillon JJ, Falkenhain ME, Tesi RJ, Henry ML, Elkhammas EA, et al. Racial differences in renal allograft survival: the role of systemic hypertension. Kidney Int 1995; 47:1136–1141.
Mange KC, Cizman B, Joffe M, Feldman HI. Arterial hypertension and renal allograft survival. JAMA 2000; 283:633–638.
Ponticelli C, Montagnino G, Aroldi A, Angelini C, Braga M, Tarantino A. Hypertension after renal transplantation. Am J Kidney Dis 1993; 21: (5 Suppl 2): 73–78.
Tutone VK, Mark PB, Stewart GA, Tan CC, Rodger RS, Geddes CC, et al. Hypertension, antihypertensive agents and outcomes following renal transplantation. Clin Transplant 2005; 19:181–192.
Seeman T. Hypertension after renal transplantation. Pediatr Nephrol 2009; 24:959–972.
Didier R, Yao H, Legendre M, Halimi JM, Rebibou JM, Herbert J, et al. Myocardial infarction after kidney transplantation: a risk and specific profile analysis from a nationwide french medical information database. J Clin Med 2020; 9:3356–2268.
Diaz JM, Gich I, Bonfill X, Sola R, Guirado L, Facundo C, et al. Prevalence evolution and impact of cardiovascular risk factors on allograft and renal transplant patient survival. Transplant Proc 2009; 41:2151–2155.
Groothoff JW, Gruppen MP, Offringa M, Hutten J, Lilien MR, Van De Kar NJ, et al. Mortality and causes of death of end-stage renal disease in children: a Dutch cohort study. Kidney Int 2002; 61:621–629.
Fernandez Fresnedo G, Franco Esteve A, Gomez Huertas E, Cabello Chaves V, Diz Gomez JM, Osorio Moratalla JM, et al. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in kidney transplant patients: RETENAL study. Transplant Proc 2012; 44:2601–2602.
Gago Fraile M, Fernandez Fresnedo G, Gomez-Alamillo C, de Castro SS, Arias M. Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of refractory hypertension in renal transplant patients. Transplant Proc 2009; 41:2132–2133.
Forconi C, Gatault P, Miquelestorena-Standley E, Noble J, Al-Hajj S, Guillemain R, et al. Polymorphism in programmed cell death 1 gene is strongly associated with lung and kidney allograft survival in recipients from CMV-positive donors. J Heart Lung Transplant 2017; 36:315–324.
Arias-Rodriguez M, Fernandez-Fresnedo G, Campistol JM, Marin R, Franco A, Gomez E, et al. Prevalence and clinical characteristics of renal transplant patients with true resistant hypertension. J Hypertens 2015; 33:1074–1081.
Joost R, Dorje F, Schwitulla J, Eckardt KU, Hugo C. Intensified pharmaceutical care is improving immunosuppressive medication adherence in kidney transplant recipients during the first post-transplant year: a quasi-experimental study. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2014; 29:1597–1607.
Low JK, Williams A, Manias E, Crawford K. Interventions to improve medication adherence in adult kidney transplant recipients: a systematic review. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2015; 30:752–761.
Nevins TE, Nickerson PW, Dew MA. Understanding medication nonadherence after kidney transplant. J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 28:2290–2301.
Ponticelli C, Cucchiari D, Graziani G. Hypertension in kidney transplant recipients. Transpl Int 2011; 24:523–533.
Oparil S, Zaman MA, Calhoun DA. Pathogenesis of hypertension. Ann Intern Med 2003; 139:761–776.
Cosio FG, Pelletier RP, Pesavento TE, Henry ML, Ferguson RM, Mitchell L, et al. Elevated blood pressure predicts the risk of acute rejection in renal allograft recipients. Kidney Int 2001; 59:1158–1164.
Wadei HM, Textor SC. Hypertension in the kidney transplant recipient. Transplant Rev (Orlando) 2010; 24:105–120.
Kasiske BL. Possible causes and consequences of hypertension in stable renal transplant patients. Transplantation 1987; 44:639–643.
Ratcliffe PJ, Dudley CR, Higgins RM, Firth JD, Smith B, Morris PJ. Randomised controlled trial of steroid withdrawal in renal transplant recipients receiving triple immunosuppression. Lancet 1996; 348:643–648.
Hoorn EJ, Walsh SB, McCormick JA, Furstenberg A, Yang CL, Roeschel T, et al. The calcineurin inhibitor tacrolimus activates the renal sodium chloride cotransporter to cause hypertension. Nat Med 2011; 17:1304–1309.
Ciresi DL, Lloyd MA, Sandberg SM, Heublein DM, Edwards BS. The sodium retaining effects of cyclosporine. Kidney Int 1992; 41:1599–1605.
Borschewski A, Himmerkus N, Boldt C, Blankenstein KI, McCormick JA, Lazelle R, et al. Calcineurin and sorting-related receptor with A-type repeats interact to regulate the renal Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl(−) cotransporter. J Am Soc Nephrol 2016; 27:107–119.
Tuck ML, Sowers J, Dornfeld L, Kledzik G, Maxwell M. The effect of weight reduction on blood pressure, plasma renin activity, and plasma aldosterone levels in obese patients. N Engl J Med 1981; 304:930–933.
Neumann J, Ligtenberg G, Klein II, Koomans HA, Blankestijn PJ. Sympathetic hyperactivity in chronic kidney disease: pathogenesis, clinical relevance, and treatment. Kidney Int 2004; 65:1568–1576.
Gazdar AF, Dammin GJ. Neural degeneration and regeneration in human renal transplants. N Engl J Med 1970; 283:222–224.
Mauriello A, Rovella V, Borri F, Anemona L, Giannini E, Giacobbi E, et al. Hypertension in kidney transplantation is associated with an early renal nerve sprouting. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2017; 32:1053–1060.
Klein IH, Abrahams AC, van Ede T, Oey PL, Ligtenberg G, Blankestijn PJ. Differential effects of acute and sustained cyclosporine and tacrolimus on sympathetic nerve activity. J Hypertens 2010; 28:1928–1934.
Laffer CL, Scott RC 3rd, Titze JM, Luft FC, Elijovich F. Hemodynamics and salt-and-water balance link sodium storage and vascular dysfunction in salt-sensitive subjects. Hypertension 2016; 68:195–203.
Watschinger B, Sayegh MH. Endothelin in organ transplantation. Am J Kidney Dis 1996; 27:151–161.
Perico N, Ruggenenti P, Gaspari F, Mosconi L, Benigni A, Amuchastegui CS, et al. Daily renal hypoperfusion induced by cyclosporine in patients with renal transplantation. Transplantation 1992; 54:56–60.
van den Dorpel MA, van den Meiracker AH, Lameris TW, Boomsma F, Levi M, Man in ’t Veld AJ, et al. Cyclosporin A impairs the nocturnal blood pressure fall in renal transplant recipients. Hypertension 1996; 28:304–307.
Sigrist M, Bungay P, Taal MW, McIntyre CW. Vascular calcification and cardiovascular function in chronic kidney disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2006; 21:707–714.
Ferro CJ, Savage T, Pinder SJ, Tomson CR. Central aortic pressure augmentation in stable renal transplant recipients. Kidney Int 2002; 62:166–171.
Georgianos PI, Sarafidis PA, Lasaridis AN. Arterial stiffness: a novel cardiovascular risk factor in kidney disease patients. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2015; 13:229–238.
Karpetas A, Sarafidis PA, Georgianos PI, Protogerou A, Vakianis P, Koutroumpas G, et al. Ambulatory recording of wave reflections and arterial stiffness during intra- and interdialytic periods in patients treated with dialysis. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2015; 10:630–638.
Koutroumbas G, Georgianos PI, Sarafidis PA, Protogerou A, Karpetas A, Vakianis P, et al. Ambulatory aortic blood pressure, wave reflections and pulse wave velocity are elevated during the third in comparison to the second interdialytic day of the long interval in chronic haemodialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2015; 30:2046–2053.
Saran M, Czyzewski L, Wyzgal J, Pacek A, Szarpak L. Comparative analysis of arterial stiffness and body composition in early and late periods after kidney transplantation. Transplant Proc 2018; 50:1829–1833.
Korogiannou M, Xagas E, Marinaki S, Sarafidis P, Boletis JN. Arterial stiffness in patients with renal transplantation; associations with co-morbid conditions, evolution, and prognostic importance for cardiovascular and renal outcomes. Front Cardiovasc Med 2019; 6:67.
Bruno S, Remuzzi G, Ruggenenti P. Transplant renal artery stenosis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2004; 15:134–141.
Halimi JM, Al-Najjar A, Buchler M, Birmele B, Tranquart F, Alison D, et al. Transplant renal artery stenosis: potential role of ischemia/reperfusion injury and long-term outcome following angioplasty. J Urol 1999; 161:28–32.
Wong W, Fynn SP, Higgins RM, Walters H, Evans S, Deane C, et al. Transplant renal artery stenosis in 77 patients – does it have an immunological cause? Transplantation 1996; 61:215–219.
Chen W, Kayler LK, Zand MS, Muttana R, Chernyak V, DeBoccardo GO. Transplant renal artery stenosis: clinical manifestations, diagnosis and therapy. Clin Kidney J 2015; 8:71–78.
Willicombe M, Sandhu B, Brookes P, Gedroyc W, Hakim N, Hamady M, et al. Postanastomotic transplant renal artery stenosis: association with de novo class II donor-specific antibodies. Am J Transplant 2014; 14:133–143.
[No author listed]. Summary of recommendation statements. Kidney Int Suppl 2012; 2:8–12.
Castillo-Rodriguez E, Fernandez-Fernandez B, Alegre-Bellassai R, Kanbay M, Ortiz A. The chaos of hypertension guidelines for chronic kidney disease patients. Clin Kidney J 2019; 12:771–777.
Sarafidis PA, Ruilope LM. Aggressive blood pressure reduction and renin-angiotensin system blockade in chronic kidney disease: time for re-evaluation? Kidney Int 2014; 85:536–546.
Sarafidis P, Loutradis C, Ortiz A, Ruilope LM. Blood pressure targets in patients with chronic kidney disease: MDRD and AASK now confirming SPRINT. Clin Kidney J 2020; 13:287–290.
Williams B, Mancia G, Spiering W, Agabiti Rosei E, Azizi M, Burnier M, et al. 2018 ESC/ESH guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: the Task Force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology and the European Society of Hypertension: The Task Force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology and the European Society of Hypertension. J Hypertens 2018; 36:1953–2041.
Whelton PK, Carey RM, Aronow WS, Casey DE Jr, Collins KJ, Dennison Himmelfarb C, et al. 2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA guideline for the prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of high blood pressure in adults: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Hypertension 2018; 71:1269–1324.
Cheung AK, Chang TI, Cushman WC, Furth SL, Ix JH, Pecoits-Filho R, et al. Blood pressure in chronic kidney disease: conclusions from a Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Controversies Conference. Kidney Int 2019; 95:1027–1036.
Verbeke F, Lindley E, Van Bortel L, Vanholder R, London G, Cochat P, et al. A European Renal Best Practice (ERBP) position statement on the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) clinical practice guideline for the management of blood pressure in non-dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease: an endorsement with some caveats for real-life application. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2014; 29:490–496.
Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Blood Pressure Work Group. KDIGO clinical practice guidelines for the management of blood pressure in chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int Suppl 2012; 2:337–414.
Cheung AK, Chertow GM, Greene T, Kimmel PL, Rahman M, Reboussin D, et al. Benefits and risks of intensive blood-pressure lowering in advanced chronic kidney disease. J Intern Med 2018; 284:106–107.
Cross NB, Webster AC, Masson P, O’Connell PJ, Craig JC. Antihypertensive treatment for kidney transplant recipients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009; CD003598.
Pisano A, Bolignano D, Mallamaci F, D’Arrigo G, Halimi JM, Persu A, et al. Comparative effectiveness of different antihypertensive agents in kidney transplantation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2020; 35:878–887.
Sautenet B. Perspectives on blood pressure by kidney transplant recipients, caregivers and their health providers. Nephrology (Carlton) 2021; (in press).
Sarafidis PA, Persu A, Agarwal R, Burnier M, de Leeuw P, Ferro C, et al. Hypertension in dialysis patients: a consensus document by the European Renal and Cardiovascular Medicine (EURECA-m) working group of the European Renal Association – European Dialysis and Transplant Association (ERA-EDTA) and the Hypertension and the Kidney working group of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH). J Hypertens 2017; 35:657–676.
Perkovic V, Jardine MJ, Neal B, Bompoint S, Heerspink HJL, Charytan DM, et al. Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. N Engl J Med 2019; 380:2295–2306.
Heerspink HJL, Stefansson BV, Correa-Rotter R, Chertow GM, Greene T, Hou FF, et al. Dapagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease. N Engl J Med 2020; 383:1436–1446.
Wanner C, Inzucchi SE, Zinman B. Empagliflozin and progression of kidney disease in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2016; 375:1801–1802.
Ingelfinger JR, Rosen CJ. Finerenone – halting relative hyperaldosteronism in chronic kidney disease. N Engl J Med 2020; 383:2285–2286.
Bakris GL, Agarwal R, Anker SD, Pitt B, Ruilope LM, Rossing P, et al. Effect of finerenone on chronic kidney disease outcomes in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2020; 383:2219–2229.
Mahling M, Schork A, Nadalin S, Fritsche A, Heyne N, Guthoff M. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibition in kidney transplant recipients with diabetes mellitus. Kidney Blood Press Res 2019; 44:984–992.
AlKindi F, Al-Omary HL, Hussain Q, Al Hakim M, Chaaban A, Boobes Y. Outcomes of SGLT2 inhibitors use in diabetic renal transplant patients. Transplant Proc 2020; 52:175–178.