In Vitro Liver Toxicity Testing of Chemicals: A Pragmatic Approach.
cytotoxicity
in vitro
liver
liver-specific toxicity
mechanisms
Journal
International journal of molecular sciences
ISSN: 1422-0067
Titre abrégé: Int J Mol Sci
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101092791
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
10 May 2021
10 May 2021
Historique:
received:
13
04
2021
revised:
04
05
2021
accepted:
05
05
2021
entrez:
2
6
2021
pubmed:
3
6
2021
medline:
16
6
2021
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
The liver is among the most frequently targeted organs by noxious chemicals of diverse nature. Liver toxicity testing using laboratory animals not only raises serious ethical questions, but is also rather poorly predictive of human safety towards chemicals. Increasing attention is, therefore, being paid to the development of non-animal and human-based testing schemes, which rely to a great extent on in vitro methodology. The present paper proposes a rationalized tiered in vitro testing strategy to detect liver toxicity triggered by chemicals, in which the first tier is focused on assessing general cytotoxicity, while the second tier is aimed at identifying liver-specific toxicity as such. A state-of-the-art overview is provided of the most commonly used in vitro assays that can be used in both tiers. Advantages and disadvantages of each assay as well as overall practical considerations are discussed.
Identifiants
pubmed: 34068678
pii: ijms22095038
doi: 10.3390/ijms22095038
pmc: PMC8126138
pii:
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Subventions
Organisme : European Commission
ID : 861913, 858014 and 963845
Organisme : Scientific Fund Willy Gepts-Belgium
ID : None
Organisme : Methusalem program
ID : None
Organisme : Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing at Johns Hopkins University-USA
ID : None
Organisme : Cosmetics Europe
ID : None
Organisme : Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
ID : None
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