The 15-Months Clinical Experience of SARS-CoV-2: A Literature Review of Therapies and Adjuvants.
SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19)
anticoagulants
antimalarials
antioxidants
antivirals
autologous stem cells
corticosteroids
immunomodulators
immunotherapy
vaccines
Journal
Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)
ISSN: 2076-3921
Titre abrégé: Antioxidants (Basel)
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101668981
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
31 May 2021
31 May 2021
Historique:
received:
22
04
2021
revised:
23
05
2021
accepted:
26
05
2021
entrez:
2
6
2021
pubmed:
3
6
2021
medline:
3
6
2021
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the virus responsible for the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) that emerged in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and rapidly spread worldwide, with a daily increase in confirmed cases and infection-related deaths. The World Health Organization declared a pandemic on the 11th of March 2020. COVID-19 presents flu-like symptoms that become severe in high-risk medically compromised subjects. The aim of this study was to perform an updated overview of the treatments and adjuvant protocols for COVID-19. A systematic literature search of databases was performed (MEDLINE PubMed, Google Scholar, UpToDate, Embase, and Web of Science) using the keywords: "COVID-19", "2019-nCoV", "coronavirus" and "SARS-CoV-2" (date range: 1 January 2019 to 31st October 2020), focused on clinical features and treatments. The main treatments retrieved were antivirals, antimalarials, convalescent plasma, immunomodulators, corticosteroids, anticoagulants, and mesenchymal stem cells. Most of the described treatments may provide benefits to COVID-19 subjects, but no one protocol has definitively proven its efficacy. While many efforts are being spent worldwide in research aimed at identifying early diagnostic methods and evidence-based effective treatments, mass vaccination is thought to be the best option against this disease in the near future.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the virus responsible for the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) that emerged in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and rapidly spread worldwide, with a daily increase in confirmed cases and infection-related deaths. The World Health Organization declared a pandemic on the 11th of March 2020. COVID-19 presents flu-like symptoms that become severe in high-risk medically compromised subjects. The aim of this study was to perform an updated overview of the treatments and adjuvant protocols for COVID-19.
METHODS
METHODS
A systematic literature search of databases was performed (MEDLINE PubMed, Google Scholar, UpToDate, Embase, and Web of Science) using the keywords: "COVID-19", "2019-nCoV", "coronavirus" and "SARS-CoV-2" (date range: 1 January 2019 to 31st October 2020), focused on clinical features and treatments.
RESULTS
RESULTS
The main treatments retrieved were antivirals, antimalarials, convalescent plasma, immunomodulators, corticosteroids, anticoagulants, and mesenchymal stem cells. Most of the described treatments may provide benefits to COVID-19 subjects, but no one protocol has definitively proven its efficacy.
CONCLUSIONS
CONCLUSIONS
While many efforts are being spent worldwide in research aimed at identifying early diagnostic methods and evidence-based effective treatments, mass vaccination is thought to be the best option against this disease in the near future.
Identifiants
pubmed: 34072708
pii: antiox10060881
doi: 10.3390/antiox10060881
pmc: PMC8226610
pii:
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Références
Microorganisms. 2020 Oct 31;8(11):
pubmed: 33142764
JAMA Cardiol. 2020 Jul 1;5(7):819-824
pubmed: 32219357
Science. 2020 Aug 21;369(6506):1010-1014
pubmed: 32540901
Acta Biomed. 2020 Jul 22;91(4):e2020126
pubmed: 33525232
Antiviral Res. 2018 May;153:85-94
pubmed: 29524445
Nat Prod Res. 2022 May;36(10):2672-2691
pubmed: 33949266
Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi. 2020 Mar 12;43(3):185-188
pubmed: 32164085
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2016 Dec 6;113(49):14025-14030
pubmed: 27872310
Int J Infect Dis. 2020 Jul;96:710-714
pubmed: 32389849
Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2010 Oct;110(4):418-21; author reply 421-2
pubmed: 20868991
Structure. 2016 Mar 1;24(3):401-11
pubmed: 26853940
Hong Kong Med J. 2003 Dec;9(6):399-406
pubmed: 14660806
N Engl J Med. 2021 Feb 25;384(8):693-704
pubmed: 32678530
Clin Transl Med. 2021 Feb;11(2):e297
pubmed: 33634996
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2005 Jul 22;333(1):186-93
pubmed: 15939399
Front Med (Lausanne). 2021 Jan 20;7:625176
pubmed: 33553217
Curr Opin HIV AIDS. 2015 May;10(3):129-34
pubmed: 25760933
Pharmacol Ther. 2010 Oct;128(1):119-28
pubmed: 20599443
N Engl J Med. 2020 May 7;382(19):1787-1799
pubmed: 32187464
J Agric Food Chem. 2007 Jun 27;55(13):5038-42
pubmed: 17547418
Integr Med Res. 2021 Mar;10(1):100644
pubmed: 32864332
Emerg Microbes Infect. 2020 Dec;9(1):727-732
pubmed: 32196410
Blood. 2020 Aug 6;136(6):755-759
pubmed: 32573724
J Infect Public Health. 2020 Oct;13(10):1373-1380
pubmed: 32605780
Clin Infect Dis. 2011 Feb 15;52(4):447-56
pubmed: 21248066
Biomed Res Int. 2020 Oct 28;2020:8896812
pubmed: 33145359
Med Hypotheses. 2018 May;114:45-48
pubmed: 29602463
Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2020 Aug 27;5(1):172
pubmed: 32855385
Biomed Res Int. 2018 May 16;2018:4597321
pubmed: 29862271
Crit Care. 2020 Apr 7;24(1):133
pubmed: 32264963
Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2010 Oct;110(4):409-11; author reply 411-3
pubmed: 20868988
J Pineal Res. 2015 Mar;58(2):137-50
pubmed: 25491480
Drug Discov Ther. 2020;14(1):58-60
pubmed: 32147628
J Biol Regul Homeost Agents. 2018 Sep-Oct;32(5):1329-1334
pubmed: 30334434
Cell. 2020 Jul 9;182(1):73-84.e16
pubmed: 32425270
Stem Cells Transl Med. 2021 May;10(5):660-673
pubmed: 33400390
N Engl J Med. 2019 Aug 8;381(6):520-530
pubmed: 31173679
Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2021 Feb 10;6(1):58
pubmed: 33568628
Exp Physiol. 2006 Nov;91(6):1033-40
pubmed: 16959821
MAbs. 2020 Jan-Dec;12(1):1854149
pubmed: 33319649
J Virol. 2021 Jan 13;95(3):
pubmed: 33173010
BMC Complement Altern Med. 2017 Feb 24;17(1):130
pubmed: 28235408
Lipids Health Dis. 2018 Jul 28;17(1):178
pubmed: 30055626
J Biomed Sci. 2020 Jan 2;27(1):1
pubmed: 31894001
J Dent. 2009 Jun;37(6):413-23
pubmed: 19303186
Molecules. 2019 Apr 03;24(7):
pubmed: 30987256
JAMA. 2020 Mar 17;323(11):1061-1069
pubmed: 32031570
Front Immunol. 2020 Jun 23;11:1523
pubmed: 32655583
World J Clin Cases. 2020 Sep 26;8(18):3920-3933
pubmed: 33024749
N Biotechnol. 2011 Sep;28(5):489-501
pubmed: 21473942
Nutrients. 2015 May 29;7(6):4240-70
pubmed: 26035247
Nutrients. 2019 Mar 31;11(4):
pubmed: 30935111
Cancers (Basel). 2021 Jan 26;13(3):
pubmed: 33530509
Microorganisms. 2020 Mar 25;8(4):
pubmed: 32218321
Cell Res. 2020 Mar;30(3):269-271
pubmed: 32020029
Clin Infect Dis. 2020 Jul 28;71(15):732-739
pubmed: 32150618
FEBS Lett. 2008 Jan 23;582(2):385-90
pubmed: 18070603
Acta Biomed. 2020 Mar 19;91(1):161-164
pubmed: 32191676
Sci Transl Med. 2017 Jun 28;9(396):
pubmed: 28659436
Heliyon. 2020 Apr 21;6(4):e03814
pubmed: 32322697
Biology (Basel). 2020 Jun 16;9(6):
pubmed: 32560235
N Engl J Med. 2021 Jan 21;384(3):229-237
pubmed: 33113295
Lancet. 2020 Feb 29;395(10225):683-684
pubmed: 32122468
N Engl J Med. 2020 Apr 30;382(18):1708-1720
pubmed: 32109013
Indian J Pediatr. 2020 Apr;87(4):281-286
pubmed: 32166607
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014 Apr 8;111(14):5153-8
pubmed: 24706856
N Engl J Med. 2020 Apr 9;382(15):e28
pubmed: 32187460
PLoS Med. 2006 Sep;3(9):e343
pubmed: 16968120
J Med Virol. 2021 May;93(5):2555-2556
pubmed: 33095459
J Virol. 2005 Feb;79(3):1635-44
pubmed: 15650189
Am J Chin Med. 2020;48(3):737-762
pubmed: 32164424
Nutr Res Rev. 2020 Dec;33(2):190-217
pubmed: 32051057
Int J Hematol. 2018 Jan;107(1):7-15
pubmed: 29147843
J Leukoc Biol. 2007 Oct;82(4):887-93
pubmed: 17609339
Int J Med Sci. 2020 Jul 30;17(14):2133-2146
pubmed: 32922174
Biosci Trends. 2020 Mar 16;14(1):72-73
pubmed: 32074550
PLoS One. 2011;6(8):e23710
pubmed: 21887302
Biology (Basel). 2020 Nov 25;9(12):
pubmed: 33255588
Nutrients. 2013 Sep 13;5(9):3605-16
pubmed: 24067388
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Jun 27;17(13):
pubmed: 32605056
Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol. 2006 Aug;144(4):395-400
pubmed: 16730204
Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2020 Mar;55(3):105924
pubmed: 32081636
Lancet. 2020 Feb 15;395(10223):e30-e31
pubmed: 32032529
J Biol Chem. 2004 Jan 30;279(5):3197-201
pubmed: 14670965
Microorganisms. 2021 Mar 04;9(3):
pubmed: 33806624
Biomedicines. 2020 May 09;8(5):
pubmed: 32397555
J Infect Dis. 2015 Jan 1;211(1):80-90
pubmed: 25030060
J Mol Med (Berl). 2021 Jan;99(1):93-106
pubmed: 33269412
Eurasian J Med. 2016 Jun;48(2):135-41
pubmed: 27551178
Nat Rev Immunol. 2018 May;18(5):297-308
pubmed: 29379211
Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Mar 11;20(5):
pubmed: 30862067
Immunol Invest. 2019 Aug;48(6):632-643
pubmed: 30887869
Ann Thorac Med. 2020 Apr-Jun;15(2):49-51
pubmed: 32489437
Cell Tissue Bank. 2020 Sep;21(3):405-425
pubmed: 32588163
Medicina (Kaunas). 2020 Jul 31;56(8):
pubmed: 32752010
Cell. 2020 Nov 12;183(4):1043-1057.e15
pubmed: 32970989
JAMA. 2020 Apr 28;323(16):1582-1589
pubmed: 32219428
Oral Implantol (Rome). 2017 Sep 27;10(2):190-196
pubmed: 29876044
Metabol Open. 2020 Dec;8:100066
pubmed: 33205039
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Nov 01;17(21):
pubmed: 33139595
Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2020 Sep;24(18):9698-9704
pubmed: 33015815
Pharmacol Res. 2020 May;155:104743
pubmed: 32145402
Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi. 2020 Feb 06;43(0):E005
pubmed: 32026671
Thorax. 2004 Mar;59(3):252-6
pubmed: 14985565
Cell Discov. 2020 Mar 18;6:16
pubmed: 32194981
Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2020 Jul;14(4):470-471
pubmed: 32129925
J Virol. 2012 Mar;86(5):2856-8
pubmed: 22205743
Neurosurg Focus. 2015 Mar;38(3):E12
pubmed: 25727221
J Korean Med Sci. 2020 Feb 17;35(6):e79
pubmed: 32056407
J Med Chem. 2017 Mar 9;60(5):1648-1661
pubmed: 28124907
JAMA. 2020 Apr 14;323(14):1406-1407
pubmed: 32083643
JAMA. 2021 Feb 16;325(7):632-644
pubmed: 33475701
Intensive Care Med. 2020 May;46(5):846-848
pubmed: 32125452
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Feb 28;18(5):
pubmed: 33670983
Science. 2020 Aug 21;369(6506):1014-1018
pubmed: 32540904
Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Aug 20;21(17):
pubmed: 32825350
Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2020 May;19(5):305-306
pubmed: 32273591
Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2021 Jan 15;520:111095
pubmed: 33253762
Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2021 Mar;25(1):65-73
pubmed: 32803459
Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2019 Feb;23(4):1626-1633
pubmed: 30840286
Sci China Life Sci. 2020 May;63(5):774-776
pubmed: 32124179
Int J Nanomedicine. 2013;8:177-87
pubmed: 23326193
Blood. 2006 Feb 15;107(4):1484-90
pubmed: 16239427
Pathogens. 2020 Mar 04;9(3):
pubmed: 32143502
J Biotechnol. 2020 Feb 10;309:29-33
pubmed: 31884046
Phytomedicine. 2021 May;85:153242
pubmed: 33867046
Transfus Med Rev. 2015 Jul;29(3):153-61
pubmed: 25841631
Biochem J. 2012 May 1;443(3):851-6
pubmed: 22417684
Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2019 Oct;23(19):8645-8657
pubmed: 31646599
Dig Liver Dis. 2020 Nov;52(11):1219-1221
pubmed: 32690380
Med Hypotheses. 2020 Oct;143:109862
pubmed: 32504923
Ann Intern Med. 2015 Jun 2;162(11):777-84
pubmed: 26030634
PLoS Med. 2006 Jul;3(7):e237
pubmed: 16796401
Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets. 2021;21(7):1356-1365
pubmed: 33167849
Genes Nutr. 2008 Feb;2(4):323-6
pubmed: 18850225
J Biol Regul Homeost Agents. 2020 Mar-Apr;34(2):733-737
pubmed: 32492992
Pediatrics. 2012 Jan;129(1):116-23
pubmed: 22184648
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Jul 24;17(15):
pubmed: 32722202
Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets. 2022;22(1):1-5
pubmed: 33504318
J Clin Virol. 2011 Mar;50(3):194-200
pubmed: 21242105
Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2020 Apr;24(8):4558-4564
pubmed: 32373995
J Biol Regul Homeost Agents. 2021 Jan 25;35(1):171-183
pubmed: 33491346
mBio. 2018 Mar 6;9(2):
pubmed: 29511076
Br J Pharmacol. 2021 Feb;178(3):626-635
pubmed: 33125711
Blood. 2005 May 15;105(10):4120-6
pubmed: 15692068
Int J Mol Sci. 2018 Apr 18;19(4):
pubmed: 29670035
J Biol Regul Homeost Agents. 2019 Nov-Dec;33(6 Suppl. 2):143-154 DENTAL SUPPLEMENT
pubmed: 32425035
Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin. 2021 Jan;24(1):14-20
pubmed: 32840129
N Engl J Med. 2019 Dec 12;381(24):2293-2303
pubmed: 31774950
Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2018 Nov;22(22):8034-8041
pubmed: 30536353
Recenti Prog Med. 2020 Apr;111(4):253-256
pubmed: 32319447
Clin Med (Lond). 2021 Jan;21(1):e48-e51
pubmed: 33158957
Lancet Infect Dis. 2020 May;20(5):533-534
pubmed: 32087114
Haematologica. 2008 Sep;93(9):1301-9
pubmed: 18641017
Thromb Haemost. 2020 Dec;120(12):1700-1715
pubmed: 33368089
Clin Rheumatol. 2020 Jul;39(7):2077-2084
pubmed: 32472459
Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020 May;17(5):259
pubmed: 32214231
Science. 2020 Jun 12;368(6496):1274-1278
pubmed: 32404477
N Engl J Med. 2016 Jan 7;374(1):33-42
pubmed: 26735992
Blood. 2006 Jan 1;107(1):367-72
pubmed: 16141348
Chin Med J (Engl). 2020 May 5;133(9):1087-1095
pubmed: 32358325
Pathogens. 2020 Feb 22;9(2):
pubmed: 32098302
Lancet. 2019 Feb 2;393(10170):423-433
pubmed: 30635141
N Engl J Med. 2021 Jan 21;384(3):238-251
pubmed: 33332778
J Med Virol. 2020 Jun;92(6):556-563
pubmed: 32104907
Antiviral Res. 2020 Jun;178:104787
pubmed: 32251768
Virol J. 2005 Aug 22;2:69
pubmed: 16115318
PLoS Med. 2016 Mar 01;13(3):e1001967
pubmed: 26930627
Acta Biomed. 2020 Nov 09;91(13-S):e2020022
pubmed: 33170176
Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2013 Mar;20(3):319-27
pubmed: 23283640
Curr Obes Rep. 2021 Sep;10(3):214-243
pubmed: 33909265
Nat Commun. 2020 Jan 10;11(1):222
pubmed: 31924756
Blood. 2005 Feb 15;105(4):1815-22
pubmed: 15494428
Int J Mol Sci. 2017 Sep 15;18(9):
pubmed: 28914813
J Exp Med. 2021 Mar 1;218(3):
pubmed: 33211088
J Cell Biochem. 2015 Oct;116(10):2408-18
pubmed: 26012576
Int J Exp Pathol. 2006 Apr;87(2):81-7
pubmed: 16623752
JAMA. 2020 Apr 21;323(15):1488-1494
pubmed: 32125362
J Thromb Haemost. 2020 Apr;18(4):786-787
pubmed: 32212240
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020 May 19;117(20):10970-10975
pubmed: 32350134
Int J Mol Sci. 2018 Dec 25;20(1):
pubmed: 30585191
Emerg Microbes Infect. 2021 Dec;10(1):317-330
pubmed: 33560940
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Mar 21;17(6):
pubmed: 32245226
Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets. 2019;19(3):373-381
pubmed: 30574857
Materials (Basel). 2020 Jul 29;13(15):
pubmed: 32751260
Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2020 Feb 21;5(1):18
pubmed: 32296012
Acta Paediatr. 2020 Oct;109(10):2139-2140
pubmed: 32557901
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020 Apr 28;117(17):9490-9496
pubmed: 32253318
Life Sci. 2020 Aug 1;254:117808
pubmed: 32422305
J Autoimmun. 2020 May;109:102434
pubmed: 32143990
mSphere. 2020 May 13;5(3):
pubmed: 32404514
Clin Infect Dis. 2015 Aug 15;61(4):496-502
pubmed: 25904375
BMJ. 2014 Sep 24;349:g5630
pubmed: 25252733
Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014 Dec;12(12):2092-103.e1-6
pubmed: 24582567
Lancet. 2020 Feb 15;395(10223):473-475
pubmed: 32043983
J Clin Med. 2020 Feb 26;9(3):
pubmed: 32110875
Curr Med Chem. 2020;27(27):4536-4541
pubmed: 32297571
J Biomol Struct Dyn. 2021 May;39(8):3025-3033
pubmed: 32274964
Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2021 Jan-Feb;15(1):295-301
pubmed: 33484986
Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2020 Jul;393(7):1157-1160
pubmed: 32451597
Front Immunol. 2020 May 28;11:1221
pubmed: 32574271
Biology (Basel). 2020 Oct 01;9(10):
pubmed: 33019595
Bull World Health Organ. 2017 Mar 1;95(3):235-237
pubmed: 28250538
Adv Virol. 2015;2015:184241
pubmed: 26693226
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2017 Dec 28;11(12):e0006034
pubmed: 29283993
Nat Med. 2009 Jan;15(1):42-9
pubmed: 19098906
Infect Dis Rep. 2020 Mar 16;12(1):8543
pubmed: 32218915
JAMA Intern Med. 2021 Feb 1;181(2):195-202
pubmed: 33001138
Int J Med Sci. 2014 May 01;11(7):674-9
pubmed: 24843315
BMJ. 2020 Oct 22;371:m3939
pubmed: 33093056
J Glob Antimicrob Resist. 2020 Sep;22:133-134
pubmed: 32474141
J Thromb Haemost. 2020 May;18(5):1094-1099
pubmed: 32220112
Stem Cells Int. 2017;2017:9082869
pubmed: 28553359
Biomed Pharmacother. 2020 Sep;129:110337
pubmed: 32534226
Int J Infect Dis. 2020 Nov;100:327-332
pubmed: 32920235
Proc Jpn Acad Ser B Phys Biol Sci. 2017;93(7):449-463
pubmed: 28769016
Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2018 Oct 20;6(10):1845-1850
pubmed: 30455760
J Biol Regul Homeost Agents. 2019 Nov-Dec;33(6):1973-1979
pubmed: 31858774
Mol Biol Rep. 2020 Oct;47(10):8229-8233
pubmed: 32920757
N Engl J Med. 2007 Oct 4;357(14):1450-1
pubmed: 17914053
Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2020 Jun;24(12):7173-7191
pubmed: 32633414
J Thromb Haemost. 2020 May;18(5):1233-1234
pubmed: 32291954
Biochim Biophys Acta. 1980 May 7;629(2):399-408
pubmed: 6770907
J Antibiot (Tokyo). 2017 May;70(5):495-505
pubmed: 28196978
Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2020 Nov/Dec;40(6):e211-e227
pubmed: 33151185
Stem Cells. 2015 Mar;33(3):880-91
pubmed: 25376628
Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2020 Nov 9;:
pubmed: 33166179
Nat Microbiol. 2021 Oct;6(10):1233-1244
pubmed: 34548634
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2002 Apr;46(4):977-81
pubmed: 11897578
Materials (Basel). 2018 Aug 17;11(8):
pubmed: 30126102
Biomed Res Int. 2016;2016:4086870
pubmed: 27413746
Travel Med Infect Dis. 2020 Mar - Apr;34:101615
pubmed: 32145386
J Pineal Res. 1999 Apr;26(3):158-68
pubmed: 10231729
Lancet. 2020 Mar 14;395(10227):912-920
pubmed: 32112714
Lancet Respir Med. 2021 Feb;9(2):122-123
pubmed: 33189160
N Engl J Med. 2020 Nov 19;383(21):2041-2052
pubmed: 32706953
Cell. 2020 Apr 16;181(2):271-280.e8
pubmed: 32142651
Antiviral Res. 2009 Jul;83(1):35-44
pubmed: 19501255
Lancet Rheumatol. 2021 Apr;3(4):e253-e261
pubmed: 33655218
Hong Kong Med J. 2003 Aug;9(4):309; author reply 310
pubmed: 12904626
Eur J Intern Med. 2020 Jun;76:43-49
pubmed: 32482597
Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol. 2020 Mar;38(1):1-9
pubmed: 32105090
Nat Rev Immunol. 2020 Jun;20(6):363-374
pubmed: 32346093
JAMA. 2020 Oct 13;324(14):1381-1383
pubmed: 32965460
Emerg Infect Dis. 2004 Oct;10(10):1841-3
pubmed: 15504274
BMJ. 2017 Feb 15;356:i6583
pubmed: 28202713
Nat Biotechnol. 2020 Jul;38(7):769-772
pubmed: 32641849
Molecules. 2011 Aug 16;16(8):6992-7018
pubmed: 21847071
BMC Infect Dis. 2017 Feb 13;17(1):144
pubmed: 28193191
Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2018 Mar 15;197(6):757-767
pubmed: 29161116
Aging Clin Exp Res. 2020 Jul;32(7):1195-1198
pubmed: 32377965
J Biol Regul Homeost Agents. 2020 Jul-Aug;34(4):1601-1606
pubmed: 32909421
J Biol Regul Homeost Agents. 2017 Oct-Dec;31(4):901-910
pubmed: 29254292
Clin Exp Med. 2020 Nov;20(4):493-506
pubmed: 32720223
JAMA. 2020 Apr 28;323(16):1561-1562
pubmed: 32219429
N Engl J Med. 2019 Jan 3;380(1):33-44
pubmed: 30415629
Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2015 Oct;53(10):866-74
pubmed: 26308176
PLoS One. 2018 Oct 3;13(10):e0204414
pubmed: 30281626
Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2020 Jul;56(1):105949
pubmed: 32205204
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014 Apr 8;111(14):5147-52
pubmed: 24706858
Biomed Pharmacother. 2020 Oct;130:110559
pubmed: 32768882
NPJ Vaccines. 2020 Apr 30;5(1):34
pubmed: 32377399