Short-term physical exercise impacts on the human holobiont obtained by a randomised intervention study.
Exercise
Gut microbiota
Human health
Intervention
Physiology
Journal
BMC microbiology
ISSN: 1471-2180
Titre abrégé: BMC Microbiol
Pays: England
ID NLM: 100966981
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
02 06 2021
02 06 2021
Historique:
received:
24
07
2020
accepted:
04
05
2021
entrez:
3
6
2021
pubmed:
4
6
2021
medline:
15
12
2021
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Human well-being has been linked to the composition and functional capacity of the intestinal microbiota. As regular exercise is known to improve human health, it is not surprising that exercise was previously described to positively modulate the gut microbiota, too. However, most previous studies mainly focused on either elite athletes or animal models. Thus, we conducted a randomised intervention study that focused on the effects of different types of training (endurance and strength) in previously physically inactive, healthy adults in comparison to controls that did not perform regular exercise. Overall study duration was ten weeks including six weeks of intervention period. In addition to 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing of longitudinally sampled faecal material of participants (six time points), detailed body composition measurements and analysis of blood samples (at baseline and after the intervention) were performed to obtain overall physiological changes within the intervention period. Activity tracker devices (wrist-band wearables) provided activity status and sleeping patterns of participants as well as exercise intensity and heart measurements. Different biometric responses between endurance and strength activities were identified, such as a significant increase of lymphocytes and decrease of mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) only within the strength intervention group. In the endurance group, we observed a significant reduction in hip circumference and an increase in physical working capacity (PWC). Though a large variation of microbiota changes were observed between individuals of the same group, we did not find specific collective alterations in the endurance nor the strength groups, arguing for microbiome variations specific to individuals, and therefore, were not captured in our analysis. We could show that different types of exercise have distinct but moderate effects on the overall physiology of humans and very distinct microbial changes in the gut. The observed overall changes during the intervention highlight the importance of physical activity on well-being. Future studies should investigate the effect of exercise on a longer timescale, investigate different training intensities and consider high-resolution shotgun metagenomics technology. DRKS, DRKS00015873 . Registered 12 December 2018; Retrospectively registered.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
Human well-being has been linked to the composition and functional capacity of the intestinal microbiota. As regular exercise is known to improve human health, it is not surprising that exercise was previously described to positively modulate the gut microbiota, too. However, most previous studies mainly focused on either elite athletes or animal models. Thus, we conducted a randomised intervention study that focused on the effects of different types of training (endurance and strength) in previously physically inactive, healthy adults in comparison to controls that did not perform regular exercise. Overall study duration was ten weeks including six weeks of intervention period. In addition to 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing of longitudinally sampled faecal material of participants (six time points), detailed body composition measurements and analysis of blood samples (at baseline and after the intervention) were performed to obtain overall physiological changes within the intervention period. Activity tracker devices (wrist-band wearables) provided activity status and sleeping patterns of participants as well as exercise intensity and heart measurements.
RESULTS
Different biometric responses between endurance and strength activities were identified, such as a significant increase of lymphocytes and decrease of mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) only within the strength intervention group. In the endurance group, we observed a significant reduction in hip circumference and an increase in physical working capacity (PWC). Though a large variation of microbiota changes were observed between individuals of the same group, we did not find specific collective alterations in the endurance nor the strength groups, arguing for microbiome variations specific to individuals, and therefore, were not captured in our analysis.
CONCLUSIONS
We could show that different types of exercise have distinct but moderate effects on the overall physiology of humans and very distinct microbial changes in the gut. The observed overall changes during the intervention highlight the importance of physical activity on well-being. Future studies should investigate the effect of exercise on a longer timescale, investigate different training intensities and consider high-resolution shotgun metagenomics technology.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
DRKS, DRKS00015873 . Registered 12 December 2018; Retrospectively registered.
Identifiants
pubmed: 34078289
doi: 10.1186/s12866-021-02214-1
pii: 10.1186/s12866-021-02214-1
pmc: PMC8170780
doi:
Substances chimiques
DNA, Bacterial
0
RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
0
Banques de données
DRKS
['DRKS00015873']
Types de publication
Journal Article
Randomized Controlled Trial
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
162Subventions
Organisme : Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
ID : EXC2167
Organisme : Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
ID : FOR5042
Références
J Mol Psychiatry. 2015 Apr 18;3(1):3
pubmed: 26064521
Nat Methods. 2016 Jul;13(7):581-3
pubmed: 27214047
Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2010 Feb;298(2):R372-7
pubmed: 19923361
J Physiol Pharmacol. 2008 Dec;59 Suppl 7:119-32
pubmed: 19258661
Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2012 Jul 15;303(2):G155-68
pubmed: 22517770
J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001 Jan;37(1):153-6
pubmed: 11153730
Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 2019 Apr;47(2):75-85
pubmed: 30883471
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2007 Apr;39(4):728-34
pubmed: 17414812
Nature. 2012 Jun 13;486(7402):207-14
pubmed: 22699609
Nat Rev Immunol. 2004 Jun;4(6):478-85
pubmed: 15173836
Gut. 2016 Mar;65(3):426-36
pubmed: 26100928
Front Immunol. 2020 Jul 10;11:1421
pubmed: 32754153
PLoS One. 2011;6(7):e22366
pubmed: 21811592
Gut. 1987 May;28(5):583-7
pubmed: 3596339
ISME J. 2012 Aug;6(8):1621-4
pubmed: 22402401
Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2017;2017:3831972
pubmed: 28357027
Nat Rev Immunol. 2008 Jun;8(6):411-20
pubmed: 18469830
Genome Biol. 2014;15(12):550
pubmed: 25516281
Eur J Neurosci. 2004 Nov;20(10):2580-90
pubmed: 15548201
Microbiome. 2016 Aug 08;4(1):42
pubmed: 27502158
Nat Genet. 2016 Nov;48(11):1396-1406
pubmed: 27723756
Microorganisms. 2019 Jan 10;7(1):
pubmed: 30634578
J Cell Physiol. 2017 Feb;232(2):257-269
pubmed: 27381298
J Physiol. 2009 Dec 1;587(Pt 23):5551-8
pubmed: 19736305
J Physiol. 2017 May 1;595(9):2915-2930
pubmed: 27748956
Genome Med. 2018 Feb 22;10(1):12
pubmed: 29471863
Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2015 Jan;31(1):69-75
pubmed: 25394236
Front Nutr. 2020 Jan 10;6:191
pubmed: 31998739
Nutr Res Pract. 2010 Aug;4(4):259-69
pubmed: 20827340
Annu Rev Immunol. 2010;28:623-67
pubmed: 20192812
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2018 Apr;50(4):747-757
pubmed: 29166320
Brain Res. 2006 Nov 22;1121(1):59-65
pubmed: 17010953
J Sci Med Sport. 2019 Sep;22(9):1059-1064
pubmed: 31053425
Nat Med. 2019 Jul;25(7):1104-1109
pubmed: 31235964
Physiol Rev. 2019 Oct 1;99(4):1877-2013
pubmed: 31460832
PLoS One. 2017 Feb 10;12(2):e0171352
pubmed: 28187199
J Appl Physiol (1985). 2008 Oct;105(4):1023-5
pubmed: 18719229
Trends Neurosci. 2009 May;32(5):283-90
pubmed: 19349082
Handb Clin Neurol. 2013;117:147-60
pubmed: 24095123
Nat Med. 2019 Sep;25(9):1442-1452
pubmed: 31477907
PM R. 2012 Nov;4(11):797-804
pubmed: 23174541
Microbiome. 2017 Aug 10;5(1):98
pubmed: 28797298
Gut. 2014 Dec;63(12):1913-20
pubmed: 25021423
Br J Sports Med. 2020 Nov 3;:
pubmed: 33144349