Biodiversity as insurance: from concept to measurement and application.
biodiversity
ecosystems
insurance
management
portfolio
stability
theory
Journal
Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society
ISSN: 1469-185X
Titre abrégé: Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc
Pays: England
ID NLM: 0414576
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
10 2021
10 2021
Historique:
revised:
25
05
2021
received:
21
09
2020
accepted:
26
05
2021
pubmed:
4
6
2021
medline:
26
10
2021
entrez:
3
6
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Biological insurance theory predicts that, in a variable environment, aggregate ecosystem properties will vary less in more diverse communities because declines in the performance or abundance of some species or phenotypes will be offset, at least partly, by smoother declines or increases in others. During the past two decades, ecology has accumulated strong evidence for the stabilising effect of biodiversity on ecosystem functioning. As biological insurance is reaching the stage of a mature theory, it is critical to revisit and clarify its conceptual foundations to guide future developments, applications and measurements. In this review, we first clarify the connections between the insurance and portfolio concepts that have been used in ecology and the economic concepts that inspired them. Doing so points to gaps and mismatches between ecology and economics that could be filled profitably by new theoretical developments and new management applications. Second, we discuss some fundamental issues in biological insurance theory that have remained unnoticed so far and that emerge from some of its recent applications. In particular, we draw a clear distinction between the two effects embedded in biological insurance theory, i.e. the effects of biodiversity on the mean and variability of ecosystem properties. This distinction allows explicit consideration of trade-offs between the mean and stability of ecosystem processes and services. We also review applications of biological insurance theory in ecosystem management. Finally, we provide a synthetic conceptual framework that unifies the various approaches across disciplines, and we suggest new ways in which biological insurance theory could be extended to address new issues in ecology and ecosystem management. Exciting future challenges include linking the effects of biodiversity on ecosystem functioning and stability, incorporating multiple functions and feedbacks, developing new approaches to partition biodiversity effects across scales, extending biological insurance theory to complex interaction networks, and developing new applications to biodiversity and ecosystem management.
Identifiants
pubmed: 34080283
doi: 10.1111/brv.12756
pmc: PMC8519139
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
2333-2354Subventions
Organisme : European Research Council
ID : 726176
Pays : International
Informations de copyright
© 2021 The Authors. Biological Reviews published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Cambridge Philosophical Society.
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