Characteristics of flavored and non-flavored waterpipe tobacco users: a real-world setting study.
Flavor
Galyan
Hookah
Iran
Smoking
Tobacco
Waterpipe
Journal
Environmental science and pollution research international
ISSN: 1614-7499
Titre abrégé: Environ Sci Pollut Res Int
Pays: Germany
ID NLM: 9441769
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Nov 2021
Nov 2021
Historique:
received:
06
02
2021
accepted:
31
05
2021
pubmed:
6
6
2021
medline:
27
10
2021
entrez:
5
6
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
We aimed to compare sociodemographic characteristics, smoking patterns, beliefs and perceptions, nicotine dependence, and psychological indicators between flavored waterpipe (WP) tobacco (FWT) and non-flavored WP tobacco (non-FWT) smokers in Iran. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 94 WP-serving venues surrounding Tehran and Ardabil metropolitans in Iran. Convenience sampling was applied to select 900 current WP smokers [508 (56%) FWT-only and 392 (44%) non-FWT-only smokers] aged 18 years and older. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the independent characteristics of FWT and non-FWT smokers. Compared to non-FWT smokers, FWT smokers were younger (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=0.88, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.87-0.90) and more likely to have ≥ 1 sibling who smoked WP (AOR=1.54, 95% CI: 1.06-2.24), share WP with others (AOR=2.52, 95% CI: 1.68-3.77), report current cigarette smoking (AOR=2.05, 95% CI: 1.23-3.42), and report confidence in quitting at any time (AOR=3.64, 95% CI: 2.45-5.39). FWT smokers were less likely to have seen (AOR=0.40, 95% CI: 0.27-0.60) or read (AOR=0.44, 95% CI: 0.24-0.80) warning messages on WP tobacco packages relative to non-FTW smokers. The most common self-reported reason for smoking WP was entertainment for both groups, followed by stress relief for non-FWT smokers and the escape from loneliness for FWT smokers. FWT-only smokers differ from non-FWT-only smokers in several aspects including being younger, having more positive beliefs and perceptions regarding WP use, and having higher cigarette smoking prevalence. These findings will help in developing more effective and targeted policies and cessation interventions for WP smokers according to flavor type they use, especially in the Middle East.
Identifiants
pubmed: 34089452
doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-14706-8
pii: 10.1007/s11356-021-14706-8
pmc: PMC8179087
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
57629-57639Subventions
Organisme : Ardabil University of Medical Sciences
ID : IR.ARUMS.REC.1398.310
Informations de copyright
© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
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