Dietary supplement use in elementary school children: a Japanese web-based survey.
Children
Dietary supplement
Socio-economic status
Sports participation
Journal
Environmental health and preventive medicine
ISSN: 1347-4715
Titre abrégé: Environ Health Prev Med
Pays: Japan
ID NLM: 9609642
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
05 Jun 2021
05 Jun 2021
Historique:
received:
23
03
2021
accepted:
26
05
2021
entrez:
6
6
2021
pubmed:
7
6
2021
medline:
6
8
2021
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
A variety of dietary supplements are commercially available. However, the efficacy and safety of dietary supplement use in children are not well established. Understanding dietary supplement use is important for developing public health policy regarding dietary supplements. This study aimed to investigate the types of dietary supplements used and characteristics of dietary supplement users among Japanese elementary school children. We conducted a cross-sectional web-based questionnaire study. Dietary supplement use, socio-demographics, and health-related behaviors were assessed through mother-reported questionnaire. Types of dietary supplements were identified based on ingredient using product barcodes and brand names. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to investigate the socio-demographics and health-related behaviors associated with supplement use. Among 4933 children, 333 (6.8%) were identified as dietary supplement users. The most common supplement was amino acids or protein (1.4%), followed by n-3 fatty acids or fish oil (1.0%), probiotics (1.0%), multivitamins (0.9%), multivitamin-minerals (0.8%), and botanicals (0.8%). Overall, any dietary supplement use was significantly associated with the highest frequency of sports participation (odds ratio [OR], 2.58; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.65-4.02), highest household income (OR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.13-3.10), highest maternal educational level (OR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.31-2.52), and male sex (OR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.09-1.75). The highest frequency of sports participation was significantly associated with higher odds of use of amino acids or protein (OR, 6.06; 95% CI, 1.78-20.6) and multivitamins (OR, 3.56; 95% CI, 1.11-11.5), compared to the lowest frequency of sports participation. This study showed that Japanese children primarily use non-vitamin, non-mineral supplements. Non-vitamin, non-mineral supplements should thus be included in future studies aimed at monitoring dietary supplement use. We also found that dietary supplement use in children was associated with sports participation. Guidelines for dietary supplement use for children, in particular sport participants, are needed.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
A variety of dietary supplements are commercially available. However, the efficacy and safety of dietary supplement use in children are not well established. Understanding dietary supplement use is important for developing public health policy regarding dietary supplements. This study aimed to investigate the types of dietary supplements used and characteristics of dietary supplement users among Japanese elementary school children.
METHOD
METHODS
We conducted a cross-sectional web-based questionnaire study. Dietary supplement use, socio-demographics, and health-related behaviors were assessed through mother-reported questionnaire. Types of dietary supplements were identified based on ingredient using product barcodes and brand names. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to investigate the socio-demographics and health-related behaviors associated with supplement use.
RESULTS
RESULTS
Among 4933 children, 333 (6.8%) were identified as dietary supplement users. The most common supplement was amino acids or protein (1.4%), followed by n-3 fatty acids or fish oil (1.0%), probiotics (1.0%), multivitamins (0.9%), multivitamin-minerals (0.8%), and botanicals (0.8%). Overall, any dietary supplement use was significantly associated with the highest frequency of sports participation (odds ratio [OR], 2.58; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.65-4.02), highest household income (OR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.13-3.10), highest maternal educational level (OR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.31-2.52), and male sex (OR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.09-1.75). The highest frequency of sports participation was significantly associated with higher odds of use of amino acids or protein (OR, 6.06; 95% CI, 1.78-20.6) and multivitamins (OR, 3.56; 95% CI, 1.11-11.5), compared to the lowest frequency of sports participation.
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSIONS
This study showed that Japanese children primarily use non-vitamin, non-mineral supplements. Non-vitamin, non-mineral supplements should thus be included in future studies aimed at monitoring dietary supplement use. We also found that dietary supplement use in children was associated with sports participation. Guidelines for dietary supplement use for children, in particular sport participants, are needed.
Identifiants
pubmed: 34090343
doi: 10.1186/s12199-021-00985-7
pii: 10.1186/s12199-021-00985-7
pmc: PMC8180069
doi:
Substances chimiques
Amino Acids
0
Vitamins
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
63Subventions
Organisme : Ministry of the Environment
ID : NA
Références
Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2015 Apr;79(4):578-92
pubmed: 25251944
Pediatrics. 2008 Nov;122(5):1142-52
pubmed: 18977996
Nutrients. 2014 Jan 14;6(1):342-54
pubmed: 24424459
Osteoporos Int. 2016 Apr;27(4):1281-1386
pubmed: 26856587
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2009 Feb;163(2):150-7
pubmed: 19188647
BMC Complement Altern Med. 2008 Mar 31;8:9
pubmed: 18377653
PLoS One. 2014 Jul 02;9(7):e100508
pubmed: 24988073
Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2018 Jan 6;58:583-601
pubmed: 28992429
JAMA Pediatr. 2018 Aug 1;172(8):780-782
pubmed: 29913013
Am J Clin Nutr. 2007 Jan;85(1):269S-276S
pubmed: 17209208
Nutrients. 2017 Oct 21;9(10):
pubmed: 29065492
Int J Sport Nutr. 1994 Dec;4(4):320-34
pubmed: 7874149
Nutrients. 2014 Oct 16;6(10):4320-37
pubmed: 25325252
BMJ. 2007 Jul 28;335(7612):194
pubmed: 17591624
J Am Diet Assoc. 2000 Apr;100(4):447-54
pubmed: 10767902
Public Health Nutr. 2017 Jun;20(9):1523-1533
pubmed: 28294086
Complement Ther Med. 2013 Aug;21(4):358-63
pubmed: 23876567
Food Funct. 2018 Jan 24;9(1):179-190
pubmed: 29184939
J Adolesc Health. 2004 Jun;34(6):508-16
pubmed: 15145408
Nutrients. 2017 Jun 24;9(7):
pubmed: 28672791
Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 2008 Oct;9(5):400-5
pubmed: 18855693
Nutrients. 2018 Sep 01;10(9):
pubmed: 30200511
Nutrients. 2020 Oct 12;12(10):
pubmed: 33053843
BMJ. 2000 May 6;320(7244):1240-3
pubmed: 10797032
J Korean Med Sci. 2012 May;27(5):512-7
pubmed: 22563216
Food Chem Toxicol. 2017 Sep;107(Pt A):502-519
pubmed: 28755953
Integr Cancer Ther. 2003 Sep;2(3):247-67
pubmed: 15035888
Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2014 Oct;16(10):443
pubmed: 25092579
Pediatr Nephrol. 2007 Jun;22(6):887-8
pubmed: 17273860
Food Chem Toxicol. 2017 Sep;107(Pt A):472-501
pubmed: 27402097
Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2014;2014:974840
pubmed: 25114709
Am J Clin Nutr. 2013 Jun;97(6):1331-7
pubmed: 23576049
Am J Clin Nutr. 2012 Dec;96(6):1454-64
pubmed: 23134885
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2011 Feb;52(2):222-4
pubmed: 21119544
J Am Diet Assoc. 2005 Aug;105(8):1300-11
pubmed: 16182650
Adolescence. 2001 Fall;36(143):583-91
pubmed: 11817638