Toward Fabrication of Bioactive Papers: Covalent Immobilization of Peptides and Proteins.

Herein, we report a novel two-step method for the covalent, site-directed, and efficient immobilization of proteins on lab-made paper sheets. First, paper fibers were modified with a peptidic anchor comprising enzyme recognition motifs. Four different conjugation strategies for peptide immobilization were evaluated with respect to reproducibility and fiber loading efficiency. After manufacturing of the peptide-preconditioned paper, oriented conjugation of the model protein tGFP containing a C-terminal recognition sequence for either sortase A or microbial transglutaminase was assessed semiquantitatively by fluorescence measurement and inspected by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The two enzymes utilized for protein conjugation used the same oligoglycine peptide anchor, and both proved to be suitable for controlled oriented linkage of substrate proteins at physiological conditions.