Age-related changes in the hyoid bone: An autopsy-based radiological analysis.

Forensic age estimation is a crucial aspect of the biological profile of unidentified cadavers. The utility of age-related changes of hyoid bone fusion in forensic age estimation has not been explored much in the past. These age-related changes can be visualised in both the living and the dead using conventional radiography. These changes can assist medico-legal professionals and forensic anthropologists in the identification of unknown deceased, especially when the cadaver is mutilated or charred or when the other well-established indicators of skeletal and dental maturity are absent. The aims of this study were to evaluate age-related changes in the hyoid bone and to ascertain whether these changes may be utilised for age estimation in forensic examinations. The hyoid bone was carefully dissected using a standard procedure from 75 cadavers during post-mortem examination. The hyoid bone was radiographed, and the bone was replaced in the body cavity before the post-mortem examination was completed. Hyoid bone fusion was studied by using a standard grading method. Spearman's correlation coefficient was calculated between the fusion scores and chronological age to assess their relationship. Box and whisker plots of fusion stage-wise age distribution were constructed to demonstrate the gradual linear relationship between hyoid bone fusion and the chronological age of the study participants. The present study concludes that hyoid bone fusion is an indicator of the chronological age of an individual and can be used in conjunction with other methods of age estimation such as the skeletal and dental age.