Dynamics of Emergency Contraceptive Use in Accra, Ghana.
Ghana
contraceptive discontinuation
emergency contraception
family planning
unintended pregnancy
urban health
Journal
Studies in family planning
ISSN: 1728-4465
Titre abrégé: Stud Fam Plann
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 7810364
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
06 2021
06 2021
Historique:
pubmed:
11
6
2021
medline:
26
4
2022
entrez:
10
6
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Recent data suggest increasing rates of emergency contraception (EC) use in Ghana, particularly in urban areas. In 2018, we collected survey data from 3,703 sexually experienced women aged 16-44 years living in low-income settlements of Accra. We estimated the prevalence of lifetime and current EC use. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with current use of EC. Retrospective monthly calendar data on contraceptive use were analyzed to identify patterns of EC use, including repeat and continuous use, and uptake of other contraceptive methods in the months following EC use. Nearly 15 percent of women had ever used EC. About half of recent EC users (52 percent) used EC for at least four months cumulatively within a 12-month window. There was no evidence of adoption of other modern methods in the months after using EC. Our results suggest that EC is a common method for pregnancy prevention in Accra, particularly among young, unmarried, highly educated women. Counseling on effective EC use and strategies that promote equitable access should be prioritized.
Substances chimiques
Contraceptives, Postcoital
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
105-123Informations de copyright
© 2021 The Population Council, Inc.
Références
Addo, Victor N., and Eva Dede Tagoe-Darko. 2009. “Knowledge, Practices, and Attitudes Regarding Emergency Contraception Among Students at a University in Ghana.” International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics 105 (3): 206-209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgo.2009.01.008.
Ajayi, Anthony Idowu, Ezebunwa Ethelbert Nwokocha, Wilson Akpan, and Oladele Vincent Adeniyi. 2016. “Use of Non-Emergency Contraceptive Pills and Concoctions as Emergency Contraception Among Nigerian University Students: Results of a Qualitative Study.” BMC Public Health 16 (1): 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016-3707-4.
Amalba, Anthony, Victor Mogre, Monica N.A. Appiah, and Winnifred A Mumuni. 2014. “Awareness, Use and Associated Factors of Emergency Contraceptive Pills among Women of Reproductive Age (15-49 Years) in Tamale, Ghana.” BMC Women's Health 14 (1): 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6874-14-114.
Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena. 2018. “Prevalence and Correlates of Unintended Pregnancy in Ghana: Analysis of 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey.” Maternal Health, Neonatology and Perinatology 4 (1): 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40748-018-0085-1.
Bearak, Jonathan, Anna Popinchalk, Bela Ganatra, Ann Beth Moller, Özge Tunçalp, Cynthia Beavin, Lorraine Kwok, and Leontine Alkema. 2020. “Unintended Pregnancy and Abortion by Income, Region, and the Legal Status of Abortion: Estimates from a Comprehensive Model for 1990-2019.” The Lancet Global Health 8 (9): e1152-e1161. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30315-6.
Bradley, Sarah E. K., William Winfrey, and Trevor Croft. 2015. “Contraceptive Use and Perinatal Mortality in the DHS: An Assessment of the Quality and Consistency of Calendars and Histories.” DHS Methodological Report No. 17, Calverton, MD.
Chin-Quee, Dawn, Kelly L'engle, Conrad Otterness, Sarah Mercer, and Mario Chen. 2014. “Repeat Use of Emergency Contraceptive Pills in Urban Kenya and Nigeria.” International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health 40 (3): 127-134. https://doi.org/10.1363/4012714.
Chin-Quee, Dawn S., John Stanback, and Victoria Graham. 2016. “In Support of Community-Based Emergency Contraception.” Contraception 94 (1): 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.contraception.2016.03.002.
Dawson, Angela, Nguyen Toan Tran, Elizabeth Westley, Viviana Mangiaterra, and Mario Festin. 2015a. “Workforce Interventions to Improve Access to Emergency Contraception Pills: A Systematic Review of Current Evidence in Low- and Middle-Income Countries and Recommendations for Improving Performance Health Systems and Services in Low- and Middle-Income Settings.” BMC Health Services Research 15 (1): 180. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-015-0815-2.
Festin, Mario P. R., Luis Bahamondes, Thi My Huong Nguyen, Ndema Habib, Manopchai Thamkhantho, Kuldip Singh, Arundhati Gosavi, Gyorgy Bartfai, Tamas Bito, M. Valeria Bahamondes, and Nathalie Kapp. 2016. “A Prospective, Open-Label, Single Arm, Multicentre Study to Evaluate Efficacy, Safety and Acceptability of Pericoital Oral Contraception Using Levonorgestrel 1.5 Mg.” Human Reproduction 31 (3): 530-540. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dev341.
Festin, M. P. R., Alexandre Peregoudov, Armando Seuc, James Kiarie, and Marleen Temmerman. 2017. “Effect of BMI and Body Weight on Pregnancy Rates with LNG as Emergency Contraception: Analysis of Four WHO HRP Studies.” Contraception 95 (1): 50-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.contraception.2016.08.001.
Ghana Health Service (GHS). 2016. “Ghana Health Service.” Family Health Division, 2015 Annual Report. https://www.ghanahealthservice.org/downloads/2015_FAMILY_HEALTH_DIVISION_ANNUAL_REPORT.pdf.
Ghana Statistical Service (GSS), Ghana Health Service (GHS), and ICF. 2017. “Ghana Maternal Health Survey 2017.” Accra, Ghana. https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR340/FR340.pdf.
Ghana Statistical Service (GSS), Ghana Health Service (GHS), and ICF International. 2015. Ghana Demographic and Health Survey 2014. Rockville, Maryland, USA: GSS, GHS, and ICF International.
Glasier, Anna, Sharon T. Cameron, Diana Blithe, Bruno Scherrer, Henri Mathe, Delphine Levy, Erin Gainer, and Andre Ulmann. 2011. “Can We Identify Women at Risk of Pregnancy Despite Using Emergency Contraception? Data from Randomized Trials of Ulipristal Acetate and Levonorgestrel.” Contraception 84 (4): 363-367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.contraception.2011.02.009.
Glasier, Anna, Rachel Manners, Joanna C. Loudon, and Aileen Muir. 2010. “Community Pharmacists Providing Emergency Contraception Give Little Advice about Future Contraceptive Use: A Mystery Shopper Study.” Contraception. 82 (6): 534-542. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.contraception.2010.05.008.
High-Impact Practices in Family Planning (HIP). 2013. Drug Shops and Pharmacies: Sources for family planning commodities and information. Washington, DC: USAID. Available from http://www.fphighimpactpractices.org/briefs/drug-shops-and-pharmacies.
Hubacher, David, Ifigeneia Mavranezouli, and Erin Mcginn. 2008. “Unintended Pregnancy in Sub-Saharan Africa: Magnitude of the Problem and Potential Role of Contraceptive Implants to Alleviate It.” Contraception 78: 73-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.contraception.2008.03.002.
Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology School of Medicine and The Bill & Melinda Gates Institute for Population and Reproductive Health at The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. 2013. “Performance Monitoring and Accountability 2020 (PMA2020) Survey Round 1, PMA2013/Ghana-R1 Snapshot of Indicators.”
Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology School of Medicine and The Bill & Melinda Gates Institute for Population and Reproductive Health at The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. 2016. “Performance Monitoring and Accountability 2020 (PMA2020) Survey Round 5, PMA2016/Ghana-R5 Snapshot of Indicators at The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.” Vol. 2016. Ghana and Baltimore, MD.
Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology School of Medicine and The Bill & Melinda Gates Institute for Population and Reproductive Health at The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. 2017. “Performance Monitoring and Accountability 2020 (PMA2020) Survey Round 6, PMA2017/Ghana-R6 Snapshot of Indicators at The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.” Vol. 2017. Ghana and Baltimore, MD.
L'Engle, Kelly Ladin, Laura Hinson, and Dawn Chin-Quee. 2011. “‘I Love My ECPs’: Challenges to Bridging Emergency Contraceptive Users to More Effective Contraceptive Methods in Ghana.” Journal of Family Planning and Reproductive Health Care 37 (3): 146-151. https://doi.org/10.1136/jfprhc-2011-0077.
Machiyama, Kazuyo, and John Cleland. 2014. “Unmet Need for Family Planning in Ghana: The Shifting Contributions of Lack of Access and Attitudinal Resistance.” Studies in Family Planning 45 (2): 203-226. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1728-4465.2014.00385.x.
Marston, Cicely, A Renedo, GN Nyaaba, Kazuyo Machiyama, Placide Tapsoba, and John Cleland. 2017. “Improving the Measurement of Fertility Regulation Practices: Findings from Qualitative Research in Ghana.” International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health 43 (3): 111. https://doi.org/10.1363/43e4517.
Mayhew, Susannah, Ivy Osei, and Nathalie Bajos. 2013a. “Attitudes Des Professionnels de Santé à l’égard de La Contraception d'urgence Au Ghana et Au Burkina Faso.” Population 68 (1): 123. https://doi.org/10.3917/popu.1301.0123.
Mayhew, Susannah, Ivy Osei, and Nathalie Bajos. 2013b. “Provider Attitudes to Emergency Contraception in Ghana and Burkina Faso.” Population 68 (1): 115-139. https://doi.org/10.3917/popu.1301.0123.
Morgan, Gwendolyn, Jill Keesbury, and Ilene Speizer. 2015. “Characteristics and Patterns of Use of Emergency Contraception among Urban Women in Nigeria and Kenya.” National Institute of Health 45 (1): 59-72. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1728-4465.2014.00376.x.Characteristics.
Nyarko, Samuel H. 2019. “Unintended Pregnancy Among Pregnant Women in Ghana: Prevalence and Predictors.” Journal of Pregnancy 2019. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/2920491.
Opoku, Baafuor, and Fauster Kwaununu. 2011. “Knowledge and Practices of Emergency Contraception among Ghanaian Women.” African Journal of Reproductive Health 15 (2): 147-152. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22590900.
Osei, Ivy Frances, Susannah Harding Mayhew, Leticia Biekro, and Martine Collumbien. 2014. “Fertility Decisions and Contraceptive Use at Different Stages of Relationships: Windows of Risk among Men and Women in Accra.” International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health 40 (3): 135-143. https://doi.org/10.1363/4013514.
Peck, Rebecca, Walter Rella, Julio Tudela, Justo Aznar, and Bruno Mozzanega. 2016. “Does Levonorgestrel Emergency Contraceptive Have a Post-Fertilization Effect? A Review of Its Mechanism of Action.” Linacre Quarterly 83 (1): 35-51. https://doi.org/10.1179/2050854915Y.0000000011.
Rokicki, Slawa, and Sonja Merten. 2018. “The Context of Emergency Contraception Use Among Young Unmarried Women in Accra, Ghana: A Qualitative Study.” Reproductive Health 15 (1): 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-018-0656-7.
StataCorp. 2017. Stata Statistical Software, Release 15.1. College Station, TX: StataCorp LLC.
Teixeira, Maria, Agnès Guillaume, Michèle Ferrand, Agnès Adjamabgo, Nathalie Bajos, Fatima Bakass, Koné Pierrette, Ivy Osei, Andre Soubeiga, Catherine Gourbin, Susannah Mayhew, and Clèmentine Rossier. 2012. “Representations and Uses of Emergency Contraception in West Africa: A Social Anthropological Reading of a Northern Medicinal Product.” Social Science and Medicine 75 (1): 148-155. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SOCSCIMED.2012.02.038.
Wafula, Francis N., and Catherine A. Goodman. 2010. “Are Interventions for Improving the Quality of Services Provided by Specialized Drug Shops Effective in Sub-Saharan Africa? A Systematic Review of the Literature.” International Journal for Quality in Health Care 22 (4): 316-323. https://doi.org/10.1093/intqhc/mzq022.
World Health Organization. 2015. Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use, 3rd edition. New York: World Health Organization.
World Health Organization (WHO). 2010. “Fact Sheet on the Safety of Levonorgestrel-Alone Emergency Contraceptive Pills (LNG ECPs).” Technical Documents. Geneva : World Health Organization, WHO/RHR/HR. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-1273-2011.
World Health Organization (WHO). 2018. “Emergency Contraception [Online].” https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/emergency-contraception.