Role of P2X7 Receptors in Immune Responses During Neurodegeneration.
P2X7 receptors
blood brain barrier
microglia
neurodegeneration
peripheral immune system
Journal
Frontiers in cellular neuroscience
ISSN: 1662-5102
Titre abrégé: Front Cell Neurosci
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101477935
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
2021
2021
Historique:
received:
01
02
2021
accepted:
26
04
2021
entrez:
14
6
2021
pubmed:
15
6
2021
medline:
15
6
2021
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
P2X7 receptors are ion-gated channels activated by ATP. Under pathological conditions, the extensive release of ATP induces sustained P2X7 receptor activation, culminating in induction of proinflammatory pathways with inflammasome assembly and cytokine release. These inflammatory conditions, whether occurring peripherally or in the central nervous system (CNS), increase blood-brain-barrier (BBB) permeability. Besides its well-known involvement in neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation, the P2X7 receptor may induce BBB disruption and chemotaxis of peripheral immune cells to the CNS, resulting in brain parenchyma infiltration. For instance, despite common effects on cytokine release, P2X7 receptor signaling is also associated with metalloproteinase secretion and activation, as well as migration and differentiation of T lymphocytes, monocytes and dendritic cells. Here we highlight that peripheral immune cells mediate the pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis and Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease, mainly through T lymphocyte, neutrophil and monocyte infiltration. We propose that P2X7 receptor activation contributes to neurodegenerative disease progression beyond its known effects on the CNS. This review discusses how P2X7 receptor activation mediates responses of peripheral immune cells within the inflamed CNS, as occurring in the aforementioned diseases.
Identifiants
pubmed: 34122013
doi: 10.3389/fncel.2021.662935
pmc: PMC8187565
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Pagination
662935Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2021 Oliveira-Giacomelli, Petiz, Andrejew, Turrini, Silva, Sack and Ulrich.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
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