Sex Differences of the Diabetic Heart.
cardioprotection
cardiovascular diseases
diabetic cardiomyopathy
gender differences
ischemic heart diseases
personalized care
sex differences
type 2 diabetes
Journal
Frontiers in physiology
ISSN: 1664-042X
Titre abrégé: Front Physiol
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101549006
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
2021
2021
Historique:
received:
30
01
2021
accepted:
12
04
2021
entrez:
14
6
2021
pubmed:
15
6
2021
medline:
15
6
2021
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Type 2 diabetes is a chronic disease associated with micro- and macro-vascular complications, including myocardial ischemia, and also with a specific and intrinsic cardiac dysfunction called diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Both clinical and animal studies demonstrate significant sex differences in prevalence, pathophysiology, and outcomes of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including those associated with diabetes. The increased risk of CVDs with diabetes is higher in women compared to men with 50% higher risk of coronary artery diseases and increased mortality when exposed to acute myocardial infarction. Clinical studies also reveal a sexual dimorphism in the incidence and outcomes of DCM. Based on these clinical findings, growing experimental research was initiated to understand the impact of sex on CVDs associated with diabetes and to identify the molecular mechanisms involved. Endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerosis, coagulation, and fibrosis are mechanisms found to be sex-differentially modulated in the diabetic cardiovascular system. Recently, impairment of energy metabolism also emerged as a determinant of multiple CVDs associated with diabetes. Therefore, future studies should thoroughly analyze the sex-specific metabolic determinants to propose new therapeutic targets. With current medicine tending toward more personalized care of patients, we finally propose to discuss the importance of sex as determinant in the treatment of diabetes-associated cardiac diseases to promote a more systemic inclusion of both males and females in clinical and preclinical studies.
Identifiants
pubmed: 34122133
doi: 10.3389/fphys.2021.661297
pmc: PMC8192974
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Pagination
661297Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2021 Fourny, Beauloye, Bernard, Horman, Desrois and Bertrand.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
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