Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors and the Gut Microbiome: Significance of the Gut Microbiome in Relation to Mechanism of Action, Treatment Response, Side Effects, and Tachyphylaxis.
gut brain axis
microbiome and dysbiosis
monoamine hypothesis
psychopharmacology
selective serotonergic reuptake inhibitors
Journal
Frontiers in psychiatry
ISSN: 1664-0640
Titre abrégé: Front Psychiatry
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101545006
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
2021
2021
Historique:
received:
19
03
2021
accepted:
28
04
2021
entrez:
14
6
2021
pubmed:
15
6
2021
medline:
15
6
2021
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
The monoamine hypothesis of psychopharmacology has been dominating the biological psychiatric research field for decades. Currently psychiatric research has increasingly appreciated psychiatric disorders and suicidal behavior as being highly complex and multi-etiological. In this pathway the gut microbiome and its interrelationship with the brain is gaining traction. The usage of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) is increasing in the general population. This is due to their effect on a broad range of psychiatric disorders, and their favorable side effect profile. Still, there are enigmatic aspects about SSRIs, such as the difficulty to predict effect in individual patients, inter-individual differences in side effect, tachyphylaxis (a sudden loss of response to a certain drug), and to date, uncertainties on how they exert their clinical effect. A majority of the serotonin in the human body is produced within the gut, and SSRIs affect enteric neurons. They also exhibit antimicrobial properties that comes with the potential of disrupting microbial hemostasis. We propose that the role of the gut-brain axis and the gut microbiome in relation to psychopharmacology should be more highlighted. With this article, together with similar articles, we would like to provide a hypothetical framework for future studies within this field. We believe that this would have the potential to provide a paradigm shift within the field of psychopharmacology, and result in findings that potentially could contribute to the development of a more personalized and tailored treatment.
Identifiants
pubmed: 34122195
doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.682868
pmc: PMC8187765
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Pagination
682868Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2021 Sjöstedt, Enander and Isung.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
Références
Mol Psychiatry. 2018 Jul;23(7):1652-1658
pubmed: 29133949
Mol Psychiatry. 2010 Aug;15(8):850-5
pubmed: 19468281
Cell. 2016 Nov 3;167(4):915-932
pubmed: 27814521
Transl Psychiatry. 2013 Oct 01;3:e309
pubmed: 24084940
Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2011 Aug;65(5):499-504
pubmed: 21851459
Adv Nutr. 2020 Jul 1;11(4):890-907
pubmed: 32149335
PLoS Biol. 2016 Aug 19;14(8):e1002533
pubmed: 27541692
Psychol Med. 2015 Dec;45(16):3559-69
pubmed: 26271451
Am J Psychiatry. 2006 Nov;163(11):1905-17
pubmed: 17074942
Transl Psychiatry. 2019 Sep 12;9(1):227
pubmed: 31515504
Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2019 Dec;53(12):1151-1166
pubmed: 31558039
World Psychiatry. 2017 Feb;16(1):90-99
pubmed: 28127925
BMC Psychiatry. 2014;14 Suppl 1:S1
pubmed: 25081580
JAMA. 2014 Nov 5;312(17):1772-8
pubmed: 25322359
Nat Microbiol. 2018 Nov;3(11):1255-1265
pubmed: 30349083
Transl Psychiatry. 2019 Apr 9;9(1):133
pubmed: 30967529
Lancet. 2013 Nov 9;382(9904):1575-86
pubmed: 23993280
Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019 Jan;16(1):35-56
pubmed: 30262901
Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2019 Feb;139(2):185-193
pubmed: 30347427
Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020;9(1):33-45
pubmed: 31344510
JAMA Psychiatry. 2019 Oct 1;76(10):1085-1091
pubmed: 31215968
Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2018 Sep;235(9):2779-2781
pubmed: 30097698
Innov Clin Neurosci. 2014 Mar;11(3-4):24-8
pubmed: 24800130
Neuropsychopharmacology. 2012 Jan;37(1):137-62
pubmed: 21918508
J Physiol. 2014 Jul 15;592(14):2981-8
pubmed: 24665099
Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2013 Aug;10(8):473-86
pubmed: 23797870
J Affect Disord. 2017 Jan 15;208:22-32
pubmed: 27744123
Nat Commun. 2016 Jun 28;7:12015
pubmed: 27352007
Mol Psychiatry. 2016 Jun;21(6):738-48
pubmed: 27090305
PeerJ. 2019 Jan 9;7:e6199
pubmed: 30643701
J Psychopharmacol. 2014 May;28(5):403-39
pubmed: 24713617
J Clin Psychiatry. 2000;61 Suppl 11:37-41
pubmed: 10926053
Open Biol. 2019 Sep 27;9(9):190128
pubmed: 31506017
Nat Rev Neurosci. 2012 Oct;13(10):701-12
pubmed: 22968153
JAMA Psychiatry. 2020 Nov 1;77(11):1147-1154
pubmed: 32520326
Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 2015 Feb;23(1):1-21
pubmed: 25643025
BMC Psychiatry. 2020 Jun 15;20(1):299
pubmed: 32539741
Am J Psychiatry. 2004 May;161(5):826-35
pubmed: 15121647
World J Biol Psychiatry. 2012 Sep;13(6):468-73
pubmed: 22098148
PLoS One. 2014 Dec 15;9(12):e115225
pubmed: 25506936
Lancet. 2018 Apr 7;391(10128):1357-1366
pubmed: 29477251
JAMA. 2017 Jan 24;317(4):355-356
pubmed: 28006047
Cell. 2015 Apr 9;161(2):193-4
pubmed: 25860600
Cell Host Microbe. 2019 Aug 14;26(2):283-295.e8
pubmed: 31415755
JAMA. 2018 Jun 19;319(23):2388-2400
pubmed: 29922828
BMJ. 2019 Feb 6;364:l94
pubmed: 31339847
World J Gastroenterol. 2016 Feb 21;22(7):2219-41
pubmed: 26900286
BMJ. 2014 Apr 07;348:g2183
pubmed: 24709802
Pediatrics. 2009 Aug;124(2):687-94
pubmed: 19581261
Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2000 Apr;14(3):177-80
pubmed: 10773485
Microb Ecol Health Dis. 2018 Nov 08;29(1):1542921
pubmed: 30425612
Int J Epidemiol. 2014 Apr;43(2):476-93
pubmed: 24648481
Br J Pharmacol. 2018 Dec;175(24):4415-4429
pubmed: 29782640
PLoS Biol. 2018 Feb 9;16(2):e2005358
pubmed: 29425197
Transl Psychiatry. 2012 Nov 20;2:e196
pubmed: 23168996
Nat Rev Neurosci. 2008 Jan;9(1):46-56
pubmed: 18073775
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2019 Jul;60(7):803-812
pubmed: 30178543
Microb Pathog. 2018 Oct;123:368-371
pubmed: 30056107