Fear, violence, inequality, and stunting in Guatemala.
Journal
American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council
ISSN: 1520-6300
Titre abrégé: Am J Hum Biol
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 8915029
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
02 2022
02 2022
Historique:
revised:
17
05
2021
received:
15
03
2021
accepted:
28
05
2021
pubmed:
15
6
2021
medline:
25
3
2022
entrez:
14
6
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Stunting is defined by the public health community as a length- or height-for-age <-2 SD of a growth standard or reference and is claimed to be caused by poor nutrition, repeated infection, and inadequate psychosocial stimulation. Stunting is common at all income levels in middle- and low-income countries. At the higher income levels, stunting is unlikely to be caused by nutrient deficiency or infectious disease. In Guatemala, 17% of <5-year-olds in the highest family income quintile are stunted. Guatemala has a history of violence from armed conflict, current-day social and economic inequalities, government corruption, and threat of kidnapping for the wealthiest families. The high level of persistent violence creates an ecology of fear, an extreme range of inequalities in Social-Economic-Political-Emotional resources, and biosocial stress that inhibits skeletal growth and causes stunting for people of all income levels.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
Stunting is defined by the public health community as a length- or height-for-age <-2 SD of a growth standard or reference and is claimed to be caused by poor nutrition, repeated infection, and inadequate psychosocial stimulation.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Stunting is common at all income levels in middle- and low-income countries. At the higher income levels, stunting is unlikely to be caused by nutrient deficiency or infectious disease.
RESULTS
In Guatemala, 17% of <5-year-olds in the highest family income quintile are stunted. Guatemala has a history of violence from armed conflict, current-day social and economic inequalities, government corruption, and threat of kidnapping for the wealthiest families.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
The high level of persistent violence creates an ecology of fear, an extreme range of inequalities in Social-Economic-Political-Emotional resources, and biosocial stress that inhibits skeletal growth and causes stunting for people of all income levels.
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
e23627Informations de copyright
© 2021 The Author. American Journal of Human Biology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
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