Exposure to traffic-related air pollution and bacterial diversity in the lower respiratory tract of children.
Adolescent
Air Pollution
/ adverse effects
Asthma
/ physiopathology
Bacteria
/ classification
Bacterial Load
/ statistics & numerical data
Child
Child, Preschool
Environmental Exposure
/ adverse effects
Female
Humans
Infant
Longitudinal Studies
Male
Metagenome
Respiratory Tract Diseases
/ epidemiology
Saliva
/ microbiology
Sputum
/ microbiology
Traffic-Related Pollution
/ adverse effects
Vehicle Emissions
Journal
PloS one
ISSN: 1932-6203
Titre abrégé: PLoS One
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 101285081
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
2021
2021
Historique:
received:
03
12
2020
accepted:
26
05
2021
entrez:
24
6
2021
pubmed:
25
6
2021
medline:
3
11
2021
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Exposure to particulate matter has been shown to increase the adhesion of bacteria to human airway epithelial cells. However, the impact of traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) on the respiratory microbiome is unknown. Forty children were recruited through the Cincinnati Childhood Allergy and Air Pollution Study, a longitudinal cohort followed from birth through early adolescence. Saliva and induced sputum were collected at age 14 years. Exposure to TRAP was characterized from birth through the time of sample collection using a previously validated land-use regression model. Sequencing of the bacterial 16S and ITS fungal rRNA genes was performed on sputum and saliva samples. The relative abundance of bacterial taxa and diversity indices were compared in children with exposure to high and low TRAP. We also used multiple linear regression to assess the effect of TRAP exposure, gender, asthma status, and socioeconomic status on the alpha diversity of bacteria in sputum. We observed higher bacterial alpha diversity indices in sputum than in saliva. The diversity indices for bacteria were greater in the high TRAP exposure group than the low exposure group. These differences remained after adjusting for asthma status, gender, and mother's education. No differences were observed in the fungal microbiome between TRAP exposure groups. Our findings indicate that exposure to TRAP in early childhood and adolescence may be associated with greater bacterial diversity in the lower respiratory tract. Asthma status does not appear to confound the observed differences in diversity. These results demonstrate that there may be a TRAP-exposure related change in the lower respiratory microbiota that is independent of asthma status.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
Exposure to particulate matter has been shown to increase the adhesion of bacteria to human airway epithelial cells. However, the impact of traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) on the respiratory microbiome is unknown.
METHODS
Forty children were recruited through the Cincinnati Childhood Allergy and Air Pollution Study, a longitudinal cohort followed from birth through early adolescence. Saliva and induced sputum were collected at age 14 years. Exposure to TRAP was characterized from birth through the time of sample collection using a previously validated land-use regression model. Sequencing of the bacterial 16S and ITS fungal rRNA genes was performed on sputum and saliva samples. The relative abundance of bacterial taxa and diversity indices were compared in children with exposure to high and low TRAP. We also used multiple linear regression to assess the effect of TRAP exposure, gender, asthma status, and socioeconomic status on the alpha diversity of bacteria in sputum.
RESULTS
We observed higher bacterial alpha diversity indices in sputum than in saliva. The diversity indices for bacteria were greater in the high TRAP exposure group than the low exposure group. These differences remained after adjusting for asthma status, gender, and mother's education. No differences were observed in the fungal microbiome between TRAP exposure groups.
CONCLUSION
Our findings indicate that exposure to TRAP in early childhood and adolescence may be associated with greater bacterial diversity in the lower respiratory tract. Asthma status does not appear to confound the observed differences in diversity. These results demonstrate that there may be a TRAP-exposure related change in the lower respiratory microbiota that is independent of asthma status.
Identifiants
pubmed: 34166366
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244341
pii: PONE-D-20-38095
pmc: PMC8224880
doi:
Substances chimiques
Vehicle Emissions
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
e0244341Subventions
Organisme : NIEHS NIH HHS
ID : R21 ES024807
Pays : United States
Organisme : ACL HHS
ID : T42OH008432
Pays : United States
Organisme : NCATS NIH HHS
ID : UL1 TR001425
Pays : United States
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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