Liver Tumor Microenvironment.
Carcinogenesis
Dendritic cells
Hepatic stellate cells
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Hypoxia
Immunity
Inflammation
Liver cancer
Liver metastasis
Macrophages
Microenvironment
Myeloid-derived stem cells
NK cells
Signaling pathway
Sinusoidal endothelial cells
Journal
Advances in experimental medicine and biology
ISSN: 0065-2598
Titre abrégé: Adv Exp Med Biol
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 0121103
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
2020
2020
Historique:
entrez:
29
6
2021
pubmed:
1
1
2020
medline:
2
7
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
The tumor microenvironment (TME) has recently been recognized as an important part of tumor development and growth. TME is a dynamic system orchestrated by immune, cancer and inflammatory cells, as well as the stromal tissue and surrounding extracellular matrix. While TME of primary hepatic tumors is usually characterized by a strong inflammatory background, the TME of liver metastases typically consists of otherwise healthy liver tissue. Chronic inflammation and hypoxia are key to the development and progression of primary liver cancer. The injury caused by chronic inflammation creates a condition of immune evasion that initiates a cascade of events that eventually leads to liver carcinogenesis.With liver metastases, primary tumors "prime" the target organs via secreting factors that induce expansion of myeloid cell populations and create a solid ground for successful cancer settlement. Once in the liver, metastatic cells begin a neovascularization process that is driven mainly by VEGF and FGF. Due to high mortality rates associated with liver cancer, as well as the limited effective treatment options for advanced disease, new therapies are urgently needed. Targeting a single molecule in a number of interactions between the tumor and the TME is highly unlikely to reduce tumor growth. Future trials should focus on combination therapies (i.e. targeted therapies combined with immunotherapy) to treat liver malignancies efficiently.
Identifiants
pubmed: 34185296
doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-59038-3_14
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
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