Are eyes the windows to COVID-19? Systematic review and meta-analysis.
infection
microbiology
ocular surface
tears
Journal
BMJ open ophthalmology
ISSN: 2397-3269
Titre abrégé: BMJ Open Ophthalmol
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101714806
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
2020
2020
Historique:
received:
08
07
2020
revised:
10
08
2020
accepted:
29
08
2020
entrez:
30
6
2021
pubmed:
1
7
2021
medline:
1
7
2021
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
To review and critically appraise the ocular manifestation and the presence of SARS-CoV-2 through PCR positivity from ocular samples in COVID-19-related patients. Moreover, to evaluate the time and severity association of ocular manifestation to systemic disease of COVID-19. A systematic literature search from PubMed, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar databases was performed using standardised Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guideline. Selected keywords were related to COVID-19, ocular manifestation and PCR testing of SARS-CoV-2. Studies were assessed for their validity, and the data were extracted by two independent reviewers. Observational, case series and case report studies were included if they met the selection criteria. Meta-analysis was performed to estimate the pooled prevalence of ocular manifestations and PCR positivity from tears. Thirty-one articles were qualitatively reviewed, and 14 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of ocular manifestation among COVID-19-related patients was 0.05 (95% CI 0.02% to 0.08). The overall PCR from tears samples positivity rate from COVID-19-related patients presenting with ocular manifestation was 0.38 (95% CI 0.14% to 0.65). Ocular manifestation could precede systemic manifestation in about 0.28 (95% CI 0.05% to 0.58) of COVID-19-related patients with ocular manifestations. Besides, ocular manifestation was not associated with a severe form of COVID-19. Although the overall number of ocular manifestation and SARS-CoV-2 PCR positivity rate from ocular samples was very low, around a quarter of COVID-19-related patients with ocular manifestation presented their ocular manifestation earlier than the systemic manifestation regardless of the severity. Interestingly, SARS-CoV-2 PCR was positive from one-third of ocular samples, which could potentially be the source of infection to the respiratory tract and the environment, although the infectivity is yet to be determined.
Identifiants
pubmed: 34192152
doi: 10.1136/bmjophth-2020-000563
pii: bmjophth-2020-000563
pmc: PMC7476422
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Pagination
e000563Informations de copyright
© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
Competing interests: None declared.
Références
Br J Ophthalmol. 2011 Mar;95(3):415-8
pubmed: 20852317
J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc. 2020 Jul 13;9(3):393-398
pubmed: 32463092
Eye Vis (Lond). 2020 Apr 26;7:23
pubmed: 32355863
Lancet Respir Med. 2020 Jul;8(7):687-695
pubmed: 32386571
Acta Ophthalmol. 2020 Apr 26;:
pubmed: 32336042
Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2020 Aug;4(8):e26-e27
pubmed: 32497521
Ophthalmology. 2020 Jul;127(7):977-979
pubmed: 32291098
Eye (Lond). 2020 Jul;34(7):1206-1211
pubmed: 32424327
BMC Infect Dis. 2016 Aug 09;16:384
pubmed: 27503120
Lancet. 2020 May 23;395(10237):1610
pubmed: 32405105
J Med Virol. 2020 Jun;92(6):589-594
pubmed: 32100876
Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2020 Jul;258(7):1565-1566
pubmed: 32333104
N Engl J Med. 2020 Apr 30;382(18):1708-1720
pubmed: 32109013
J Fr Ophtalmol. 2020 May;43(5):389-391
pubmed: 32334847
Indian J Pediatr. 2020 Apr;87(4):281-286
pubmed: 32166607
Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep. 2020 May 06;19:100735
pubmed: 32377594
Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2020 Jul 3;28(5):721-725
pubmed: 32469258
Ocul Surf. 2020 Jul;18(3):360-362
pubmed: 32289466
J Med Virol. 2020 Sep;92(9):1413-1414
pubmed: 32330304
J Infect Dis. 2011 Jul 15;204(2):193-9
pubmed: 21673029
Cont Lens Anterior Eye. 2020 Jun;43(3):211-212
pubmed: 32354654
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2007 Jul;48(7):3301-11
pubmed: 17591902
IDCases. 2020;20:e00774
pubmed: 32373467
J Med Virol. 2020 Nov;92(11):2394-2395
pubmed: 32470212
JAMA Ophthalmol. 2020 May 1;138(5):575-578
pubmed: 32232433
Front Public Health. 2020 Apr 24;8:155
pubmed: 32391309
Br J Ophthalmol. 2020 Jun;104(6):748-751
pubmed: 32265202
Ophthalmology. 2020 Jul;127(7):982-983
pubmed: 32359840
J Intern Med. 2020 Aug;288(2):192-206
pubmed: 32348588
Ann Intensive Care. 2020 Jun 1;10(1):69
pubmed: 32488505
J Infect. 2020 Jul;81(1):147-178
pubmed: 32209381
Lancet. 2020 Feb 22;395(10224):e39
pubmed: 32035510
Acta Ophthalmol. 2020 Nov;98(7):e926-e927
pubmed: 32436625
Ocul Surf. 2021 Jan;19:190-200
pubmed: 32502616
Acta Ophthalmol. 2020 Dec;98(8):859-863
pubmed: 32406606
Eye (Lond). 2020 Jul;34(7):1220-1223
pubmed: 32424329
Syst Rev. 2015 Jan 01;4:1
pubmed: 25554246
Ocul Surf. 2020 Oct;18(4):537-544
pubmed: 32544566
Clin Ter. 2020 May-Jun;171(3):e189-e191
pubmed: 32323704
Br J Ophthalmol. 2004 Jul;88(7):861-3
pubmed: 15205225
Acta Ophthalmol. 2020 Dec;98(8):e951-e959
pubmed: 32421258
BMJ Evid Based Med. 2018 Apr;23(2):60-63
pubmed: 29420178
Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2013 Mar;77(1):144-56
pubmed: 23471620
Korean J Fam Med. 2020 Jun 01;:
pubmed: 32475104
Lancet. 2020 Jun 27;395(10242):1973-1987
pubmed: 32497510
Ann Intern Med. 2020 Aug 4;173(3):242-243
pubmed: 32302380
J AAPOS. 2020 Aug;24(4):212-215
pubmed: 32531341
Int J Ophthalmol. 2016 May 18;9(5):682-6
pubmed: 27275421
Indian J Ophthalmol. 2020 Jun;68(6):1015-1017
pubmed: 32461418
Eye (Lond). 2020 Jul;34(7):1235-1236
pubmed: 32346108
Nat Med. 2020 May;26(5):681-687
pubmed: 32327758
Can J Ophthalmol. 2020 Aug;55(4):e125-e129
pubmed: 32284146