The Central Role of Cytochrome P450 in Xenobiotic Metabolism-A Brief Review on a Fascinating Enzyme Family.
Cytochrome P450 (CYP)
adverse drug reactions (ADRs)
carcinogens
drug-metabolizing enzymes (DMEs)
metabolism
toxicology
xenobiotic
Journal
Journal of xenobiotics
ISSN: 2039-4713
Titre abrégé: J Xenobiot
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101701430
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
22 Jun 2021
22 Jun 2021
Historique:
received:
10
05
2021
revised:
14
06
2021
accepted:
16
06
2021
entrez:
2
7
2021
pubmed:
3
7
2021
medline:
3
7
2021
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Human Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes constitute a superfamily of membrane-bound hemoproteins that are responsible for the metabolism of a wide variety of clinically, physiologically, and toxicologically important compounds. These heme-thiolate monooxygenases play a pivotal role in the detoxification of xenobiotics, participating in the metabolism of many structurally diverge compounds. This short-review is intended to provide a summary on the major roles of CYPs in Phase I xenobiotic metabolism. The manuscript is focused on eight main topics that include the most relevant aspects of past and current CYP research. Initially, (I) a general overview of the main aspects of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of xenobiotics are presented. This is followed by (II) a background overview on major achievements in the past of the CYP research field. (III) Classification and nomenclature of CYPs is briefly reviewed, followed by (IV) a summary description on CYP's location and function in mammals. Subsequently, (V) the physiological relevance of CYP as the cornerstone of Phase I xenobiotic metabolism is highlighted, followed by (VI) reviewing both genetic determinants and (VI) nongenetic factors in CYP function and activity. The last topic of the review (VIII) is focused on the current challenges of the CYP research field.
Identifiants
pubmed: 34206277
pii: jox11030007
doi: 10.3390/jox11030007
pmc: PMC8293344
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Pagination
94-114Subventions
Organisme : Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
ID : UID/BIM/0009/2020
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