Particle-Scale Modeling to Understand Liquid Distribution in Twin-Screw Wet Granulation.

Experimental characterization of solid-liquid mixing for a high shear wet granulation process in a twin-screw granulator (TSG) is very challenging. This is due to the opacity of the multiphase system and high-speed processing. In this study, discrete element method (DEM) based simulations are performed for a short quasi-two-dimensional simulation domain, incorporating models for liquid bridge formation, rupture, and the effect of the bridges on inter-particular forces. Based on the knowledge gained from these simulations, the kneading section of a twin-screw wet granulation process was simulated. The time evolution of particle flow and liquid distribution between particles, leading to the formation of agglomerates, was analyzed. The study showed that agglomeration is a rather delayed process that takes place once the free liquid on the particle surface is well distributed.