Cancer Epigenetic Biomarkers in Liquid Biopsy for High Incidence Malignancies.
DNA methylation
cancer
epigenetic biomarkers
micro-RNAs
Journal
Cancers
ISSN: 2072-6694
Titre abrégé: Cancers (Basel)
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101526829
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
16 Jun 2021
16 Jun 2021
Historique:
received:
27
03
2021
revised:
04
06
2021
accepted:
11
06
2021
entrez:
2
7
2021
pubmed:
3
7
2021
medline:
3
7
2021
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Early alterations in cancer include the deregulation of epigenetic events such as changes in DNA methylation and abnormal levels of non-coding (nc)RNAs. Although these changes can be identified in tumors, alternative sources of samples may offer advantages over tissue biopsies. Because tumors shed DNA, RNA, and proteins, biological fluids containing these molecules can accurately reflect alterations found in cancer cells, not only coming from the primary tumor, but also from metastasis and from the tumor microenvironment (TME). Depending on the type of cancer, biological fluids encompass blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, and saliva, among others. Such samples are named with the general term "liquid biopsy" (LB). With the advent of ultrasensitive technologies during the last decade, the identification of actionable genetic alterations (i.e., mutations) in LB is a common practice to decide whether or not targeted therapy should be applied. Likewise, the analysis of global or specific epigenetic alterations may also be important as biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and even for cancer drug response. Several commercial kits that assess the DNA promoter methylation of single genes or gene sets are available, with some of them being tested as biomarkers for diagnosis in clinical trials. From the tumors with highest incidence, we can stress the relevance of DNA methylation changes in the following genes found in LB:
Identifiants
pubmed: 34208598
pii: cancers13123016
doi: 10.3390/cancers13123016
pmc: PMC8233712
pii:
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
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