Approaches of male nurses for degendering nursing and becoming visible: A metasynthesis.
gender diversity
gender roles
male nurses
men in nursing
men's role
nursing
Journal
Journal of clinical nursing
ISSN: 1365-2702
Titre abrégé: J Clin Nurs
Pays: England
ID NLM: 9207302
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Mar 2022
Mar 2022
Historique:
revised:
02
06
2021
received:
02
03
2021
accepted:
07
06
2021
pubmed:
7
7
2021
medline:
8
2
2022
entrez:
6
7
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Patient, nurse and public discrimination against male nurses is well-documented. Male nurses encounter challenges in degendering nursing and becoming more visible nursing professionals. However, little is known about male nurses' decisions and strategies to address issues concerning gender-based discrimination and professional visibility. To develop a comprehensive understanding of the approaches of male nurses to degender nursing and become more visible in the profession. A metasynthesis using the PRISMA guidelines. A comprehensive literature search was performed PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science and Scopus databases. The search terms included 'lived experiences', 'male nurses', 'clinical practice', 'male educators' and 'male nurse managers'. In total, 16 qualitative studies published from January 2005 to November 2020 were critically appraised and synthesised. Two authors independently extracted data using summary tables. Data were synthesised using thematic synthesis which entails generation of codes and development of descriptive and analytical themes. Male nurses used intrapersonal, interpersonal and strategic adaptation to degender nursing and becoming visible as a nursing professional. These approaches entailed goal-directed behaviours, relationship-building strategies and positive and negative manipulation of resources. The approaches to degender nursing enabled men to prove their worth as competent nursing professionals, lessen the gendered stigmatisation and receive autonomy and respect. Degendering the gendered stigmatisation of nursing and becoming a visible nursing professional is essential for male nurses to promote diversity in the profession. Male nurses used both negative and positive approaches to gain recognition, respect and autonomy. They continued their struggles to promote the role of men as nurses. Nursing institutions and regulatory bodies could use the findings to develop conducive environments to degender nursing and increase male nurses' visibility. Future male nurses could use the identified positive approaches and tailor them to meet their needs to become more visible and competent nursing professionals.
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Pagination
467-482Informations de copyright
© 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Références
Abbas, S., Zakar, R., & Fischer, F. (2020). Qualitative study of socio-cultural challenges in the nursing profession in Pakistan. BMC Nursing, 19, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-020-00417-x
Achora, S. (2016). Conflicting image: Experience of male nurses in a Uganda’s hospital. International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences, 5, 24-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijans.2016.10.001
Almost, J., Wolff, A. C., Stewart-Pyne, A., McCormick, L. G., Strachan, D., & D'Souza, C. (2016). Managing and mitigating conflict in healthcare teams: An integrative review. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 72(7), 1490-1505. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.12903
Asakura, K., & Watanabe, I. (2011). Survival strategies of male nurses in rural areas of Japan. Japan Journal of Nursing Science, 8(2), 194-202. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-7924.2011.00176.x
Azadi, A., Valizadeh, L., Zamanzadeh, V., O’Connor, T., Negarandeh, R., & Taghinejad, H. (2017). Maintaining equilibrium: Socialization and gendered identities of Iranian male nurses. The Journal of Men’s Studies, 25(3), 223-244. https://doi.org/10.1177/1060826516658764
Blackley, L. S., Morda, R., & Gill, P. R. (2019). Stressors and rewards experienced by men in nursing: A qualitative study. Nursing Forum, 54(4), 690-697. https://doi.org/10.1111/nuf.12397
Boniol, M., McIsaac, M., Xu, L., Wuliji, T., Diallo, K., & Campbell, J. (2019). Gender equity in the health workforce: Analysis of 104 countries. Working paper 1. World Health Organization; 2019 (WHO/HIS/HWF/Gender/WP1/2019.1). Retrieved from https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/311314/WHO-HIS-HWF-Gender-WP1-2019.1-eng.pdf
Brody, A. A., Farley, J. E., Gillespie, G. L., Hickman, R., Hodges, E. A., Lyder, C., Palazzo, S. J., Ruppar, T., Schiavenato, M., & Pesut, D. J. (2017). Diversity dynamics: The experience of male Robert Wood Johnson Foundation nurse faculty scholars. Nursing Outlook, 65(3), 278-288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2017.02.004
Burns, C. (1998). A man is a clumsy thing who does not know how to handle a sick person’: aspects of the history of masculinity and race in the shaping of male nursing in South Africa, 1900-1950. Journal of Southern African Studies, 24(4), 695-717. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057079808708597
Canadian Nurses Association (2019). Nursing Statistics. Retrieved from https://www.cna-aiic.ca/en/nursing-practice/the-practice-of-nursing/health-human-resources/nursing-statistics
Carnevale, T., & Priode, K. (2018). “The good ole’girls’ nursing club”: The male student perspective. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 29(3), 285-291. https://doi.org/10.1177/1043659617703163
Cheng, M. L., Tseng, Y. H., Hodges, E., & Chou, F. H. (2018). Lived experiences of novice male nurses in Taiwan. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 29(1), 46-53. https://doi.org/10.1177/1043659616676318
Cottingham, M. D. (2019). The missing and needed male nurse: Discursive hybridization in professional nursing texts. Gender, Work & Organization, 26(2), 197-213. https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.12333
Cottingham, M. D., Johnson, A. H., & Taylor, T. (2016). Heteronormative labour: Conflicting accountability structures among men in nursing. Gender, Work & Organization, 23(6), 535-550. https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.12140
Dos Santos, L. M. (2020a). I teach nursing as a male nursing educator: The East Asian perspective, context, and social cognitive career experiences. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(12), 4327. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124327
Dos Santos, L. M. (2020b). Male nursing practitioners and nursing educators: The relationship between childhood experience, social stigma, and social bias. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(14), 4959. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17144959
Evans, J. A. (2002). Cautious caregivers: Gender stereotypes and the sexualization of men nurses’ touch. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 40(4), 441-448. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2648.2002.02392.x
Evans, J. (2004). Men nurses: A historical and feminist perspective. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 47(3), 321-328. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2004.03096.x
Finfgeld, D. L. (2003). Metasynthesis: The state of the art-so far. Qualitative Health Research, 13(7), 893-904. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732303253462
Finnegan, M. W. (2019). Male nurses’ experience of gender stereotyping over the past five decades: A narrative approach. Theses & Dissertations., 76. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.molloy.edu/etd/76
Herakova, L. L. (2012). Nursing masculinity: Male nurses’ experiences through a co-cultural lens. Howard Journal of Communications, 23(4), 332-350. https://doi.org/10.1080/10646175.2012.722822
Jamieson, I., Harding, T., Withington, J., & Hudson, D. (2019). Men entering nursing: Has anything changed? Nursing Praxis in New Zealand, 35(2), 18-29.
Jayapal, S. K., & Arulappan, J. (2020). Historical trajectory of men in nursing in India. Sage Open Nursing, 6, 2377960820920128. https://doi.org/10.1177/2377960820920128
Kim, I. J., & Shim, H. W. (2018). Subjectivity about turnover intention among male nurses in South Korea: A Q-methodological study. Asian Nursing Research, 12(2), 113-120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anr.2018.04.002
Kim, S., Bochatay, N., Relyea-Chew, A., Buttrick, E., Amdahl, C., Kim, L., Frans, E., Mossanen, M., Khandekar, A., Fehr, R., & Lee, Y.-M. (2017). Individual, interpersonal, and organisational factors of healthcare conflict: A scoping review. Journal of Interprofessional Care, 31(3), 282-290. https://doi.org/10.1080/13561820.2016.1272558
Koff, S. Z. (2017). Nursing in the European Union: Anatomy of a profession. Routledge.
Kronsberg, S., Bouret, J. R., & Brett, A. L. (2018). Lived experiences of male nurses: Dire consequences for the nursing profession. Journal of Nursing Education and Practice, 8(1), 46-53. https://doi.org/10.5430/jnep.v8n1p46
Lee, L. C., Chen, C. H., & Yang, Y. O. (2010). The affect of gender on caregiving: A study of male nurses. Hu Li Za Zhi the Journal of Nursing, 57(1), 77-81.
Machobane, B. F. (2018). Exploring occupational gender-role stereotypes of male nurses: A South African study. (Doctoral dissertation) North-West University. Retrieved from https://repository.nwu.ac.za/handle/10394/31004
Mackintosh, C. (1997). A historical study of men in nursing. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 26(2), 232-236. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2648.1997.1997026232.x
Meadus, R. J., & Twomey, J. C. (2011). Men student nurses: The nursing education experience. Nursing Forum, 46(4), 269-279. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6198.2011.00239.x
Ministry of Health. (2018). Statistical Yearbook. Health Mo ed. Retrieved from https://www.moh.gov.sa/en/Ministry/Statistics/book/Pages/default.aspx
Nielsen, H. B. (2017). Feeling gender: A generational and psychosocial approach. Springer.
Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia (2019). Registrant data: 01 January 2019 to 31 March 2019. Retrieved from https://www.nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au/search.aspx?q=registrant+data
Okrainec, G. (1990). Males in nursing: Historical perspectives and analysis. Alberta Association of Registered Nurses Newsletter, 46(2), 6-8.
Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J. M., Akl, E. A., Brennan, S. E., Chou, R., Glanville, J., Grimshaw, J. M., Hróbjartsson, A., Lalu, M. M., Li, T., Loder, E. W., Mayo-Wilson, E., McDonald, S., … Moher, D. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ, n71. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71
Rafferty, A. M., Busse, R., Zander-Jentsch, B., Sermeus, W., & Bruyneel, L., & World Health Organization (2019). Strengthening health systems through nursing: Evidence from 14 European countries. World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK545724/pdf/Bookshelf_NBK545724.pdf
Rajacich, D., Kane, D., Williston, C., & Cameron, S. (2013). If they do call you a nurse, it is always a “male nurse”: Experiences of men in the nursing profession. Nursing Forum, 48(1), 71-80. https://doi.org/10.1111/nuf.12008
Royal College of Nursing. (2019). The UK nursing labour market review 2018. Retrieved from https://www.rcn.org.uk/professional-development/publications/pub-007397
Saleh, M. Y., Al-Amer, R., Al Ashram, S. R., Dawani, H., & Randall, S. (2020). Exploring the lived experience of Jordanian male nurses: A phenomenological study. Nursing Outlook, 68(3), 313-323. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2019.10.007
Sandelowski, M., Docherty, S., & Emden, C. (1997). Qualitative metasynthesis: Issues and techniques. Research in Nursing & Health, 20(4), 365-371. 10.1002/(SICI)1098-240X(199708)20:4<365:AID-NUR9>3.0.CO;2-E.
Sasa, R. I. (2019). Male nurse: A concept analysis. Nursing Forum, 54(4), 593-600. https://doi.org/10.1111/nuf.12374
Sayman, D. M. (2015). Fighting the trauma demons: What men in nursing want you to know. Nursing Forum, 50(1), 9-19. https://doi.org/10.1111/nuf.12073
Smiley, R. A., Lauer, P., Bienemy, C., Berg, J. G., Shireman, E., Reneau, K. A., & Alexander, M. (2018). The 2017 national nursing workforce survey. Journal of Nursing Regulation, 9(3), S1-S88. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2155-8256(18)30131-5
Smith, C. M., Lane, S. H., Brackney, D. E., & Horne, C. E. (2020). Role expectations and workplace relations experienced by men in nursing: A qualitative study through an interpretive description lens. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 76(5), 1211-1220. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.14330
Schou, L., Høstrup, H., Lyngsø, E. E., Larsen, S., & Poulsen, I. (2012). Validation of a new assessment tool for qualitative research articles. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 68(9), 2086-2094. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2011.05898.x
South African Nursing Council Statistics (2020). Annual Statistics. Retrieved from https://www.sanc.co.za/stats/stat2020/Stats%202020%20-%202%20Registrations%20and%20Listed%20Qualifications.pdf
Sundus, A., & Younas, A. (2020). Caring behaviors of male nurses: A descriptive qualitative study of patients’ perspectives. Nursing Forum, 55(4), 575-581. https://doi.org/10.1111/nuf.12464.
Thomas, J., & Harden, A. (2008). Methods for the thematic synthesis of qualitative research in systematic reviews. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 8, 45. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2288-8-45
Thorne, S., Jensen, L., Kearney, M. H., Noblit, G., & Sandelowski, M. (2004). Qualitative metasynthesis: Reflections on methodological orientation and ideological agenda. Qualitative Health Research, 14(10), 1342-1365. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732304269888
Younas, A., & Ali, P. (2021). Five tips for developing useful literature summary tables for writing review articles. Evidence-Based Nursing, 24(2), 32-34. https://doi.org/10.1136/ebnurs-2021-103417
Younas, A., & Sundus, A. (2018). Experiences of and satisfaction with care provided by male nurses: A convergent mixed-method study of patients in medical surgical units. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 74(11), 2640-2653. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.13785
Younas, A., Sundus, A., Zeb, H., & Sommer, J. (2019). A mixed methods review of male nursing students’ challenges during nursing education and strategies to tackle these challenges. Journal of Professional Nursing, 35(4), 260-276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.profnurs.2019.01.008
Zeb, H., Younas, A., Rasheed, S. P., & Sundus, A. (2020). Lived experiences of male nurse educators: An interpretive phenomenological inquiry. Journal of Professional Nursing, 36(3), 134-140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.profnurs.2019.10.005
Zhang, W., & Liu, Y. L. (2016). Demonstration of caring by males in clinical practice: A literature review. International Journal of Nursing Sciences, 3(3), 323-327.
Zhang, H., & Tu, J. (2020). The working experiences of male nurses in China: Implications for male nurse recruitment and retention. Journal of Nursing Management, 28(2), 441-449. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.12950