Systematic review of the costs for vaccinators to reach vaccination sites: Incremental costs of reaching hard-to-reach populations.
Costs
Hard-to-reach
Immunization
Vaccination
Vaccinator
Journal
Vaccine
ISSN: 1873-2518
Titre abrégé: Vaccine
Pays: Netherlands
ID NLM: 8406899
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
30 07 2021
30 07 2021
Historique:
received:
03
01
2021
revised:
07
04
2021
accepted:
06
05
2021
pubmed:
10
7
2021
medline:
7
8
2021
entrez:
9
7
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Economic evidence on how much it may cost for vaccinators to reach populations is important to plan vaccination programs. Moreover, knowing the incremental costs to reach populations that have traditionally been undervaccinated, especially those hard-to-reach who are facing supply-side barriers to vaccination, is essential to expanding immunization coverage to these populations. We conducted a systematic review to identify estimates of costs associated with getting vaccinators to all vaccination sites. We searched PubMed and the Immunization Delivery Cost Catalogue (IDCC) in 2019 for the following costs to vaccinators: (1) training costs; (2) labor costs, per diems, and incentives; (3) identification of vaccine beneficiary location; and (4) travel costs. We assessed if any of these costs were specific to populations that are hard-to-reach for vaccination, based on a framework for examining supply-side barriers to vaccination. We found 19 studies describing average vaccinator training costs at $0.67/person vaccinated or targeted (SD $0.94) and $0.10/dose delivered (SD $0.07). The average cost for vaccinator labor and incentive costs across 29 studies was $2.15/dose (SD $2.08). We identified 13 studies describing intervention costs for a vaccinator to know the location of a beneficiary, with an average cost of $19.69/person (SD $26.65), and six studies describing vaccinator travel costs, with an average cost of $0.07/dose (SD $0.03). Only eight of these studies described hard-to-reach populations for vaccination; two studies examined incremental costs per dose to reach hard-to-reach populations, which were 1.3-2 times higher than the regular costs. The incremental cost to train vaccinators was $0.02/dose, and incremental labor costs for targeting hard-to-reach populations were $0.16-$1.17/dose. Additional comparative costing studies are needed to understand the potential differential costs for vaccinators reaching the vaccination sites that serve hard-to-reach populations. This will help immunization program planners and decision-makers better allocate resources to extend vaccination programs.
Identifiants
pubmed: 34238610
pii: S0264-410X(21)00581-8
doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.05.019
pmc: PMC10680154
mid: NIHMS1942376
pii:
doi:
Substances chimiques
Vaccines
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
Systematic Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
4598-4610Subventions
Organisme : Intramural CDC HHS
ID : CC999999
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIGMS NIH HHS
ID : R01 GM127512
Pays : United States
Organisme : NICHD NIH HHS
ID : U01 HD086861
Pays : United States
Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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