Prevalence and factors associated with bone stress injury in middle school runners.
Journal
PM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitation
ISSN: 1934-1563
Titre abrégé: PM R
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 101491319
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
09 2022
09 2022
Historique:
revised:
22
06
2021
received:
28
09
2020
accepted:
02
07
2021
pubmed:
13
7
2021
medline:
9
9
2022
entrez:
12
7
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Bone stress injury (BSI) in youth runners is clinically important during times of skeletal growth and is not well studied. To evaluate the prevalence, anatomical distribution, and factors associated with running-related BSI in boy and girl middle school runners. Retrospective cross-sectional study. Online survey distributed to middle school runners. Survey evaluated BSI history, age, grade, height, weight, eating behaviors, menstrual function, exercise training, and other health characteristics. Prevalence and characteristics associated with history of BSI, stratified by cortical-rich (eg, tibia) and trabecular-rich (pelvis and femoral neck) locations. 2107 runners (n = 1250 boys, n = 857 girls), age 13.2 ± 0.9 years. One hundred five (4.7%) runners reported a history of 132 BSIs, with higher prevalence in girls than boys (6.7% vs 3.8%, p = .004). The most common location was the tibia (n = 51). Most trabecular-rich BSIs (n = 16, 94% total) were sustained by girls (pelvis: n = 6; femoral neck: n = 6; sacrum: n = 4). In girls, consuming <3 daily meals (odds ratio [OR] = 18.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 7.3, 47.4), eating disorder (9.8, 95% CI = 2.0, 47.0), family history of osteoporosis (OR = 6.9, 95% CI = 2.6, 18.0), and age (OR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.0, 2.6) were associated with BSI. In boys, family history of osteoporosis (OR = 3.2, 95% CI = 1.2, 8.4), prior non-BSI fracture (OR = 3.2, 95% CI = 1.6, 6.7), and running mileage (OR = 1.1, 95% CI = 1.0, 1.1) were associated with BSI. Participating in soccer or basketball ≥2 years was associated with lower odds of BSI for both sexes. Whereas family history of osteoporosis and prior fracture (non-BSI) were most strongly related to BSI in the youth runners, behaviors contributing to an energy deficit, such as eating disorder and consuming <3 meals daily, also emerged as independent factors associated with BSI. Although cross-sectional design limits determining causality, our findings suggest promoting optimal skeletal health through nutrition and participation in other sports including soccer and basketball may address factors associated with BSI in this population.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
Bone stress injury (BSI) in youth runners is clinically important during times of skeletal growth and is not well studied.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the prevalence, anatomical distribution, and factors associated with running-related BSI in boy and girl middle school runners.
DESIGN
Retrospective cross-sectional study.
SETTING
Online survey distributed to middle school runners.
METHODS
Survey evaluated BSI history, age, grade, height, weight, eating behaviors, menstrual function, exercise training, and other health characteristics.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS
Prevalence and characteristics associated with history of BSI, stratified by cortical-rich (eg, tibia) and trabecular-rich (pelvis and femoral neck) locations.
PARTICIPANTS
2107 runners (n = 1250 boys, n = 857 girls), age 13.2 ± 0.9 years.
RESULTS
One hundred five (4.7%) runners reported a history of 132 BSIs, with higher prevalence in girls than boys (6.7% vs 3.8%, p = .004). The most common location was the tibia (n = 51). Most trabecular-rich BSIs (n = 16, 94% total) were sustained by girls (pelvis: n = 6; femoral neck: n = 6; sacrum: n = 4). In girls, consuming <3 daily meals (odds ratio [OR] = 18.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 7.3, 47.4), eating disorder (9.8, 95% CI = 2.0, 47.0), family history of osteoporosis (OR = 6.9, 95% CI = 2.6, 18.0), and age (OR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.0, 2.6) were associated with BSI. In boys, family history of osteoporosis (OR = 3.2, 95% CI = 1.2, 8.4), prior non-BSI fracture (OR = 3.2, 95% CI = 1.6, 6.7), and running mileage (OR = 1.1, 95% CI = 1.0, 1.1) were associated with BSI. Participating in soccer or basketball ≥2 years was associated with lower odds of BSI for both sexes.
CONCLUSION
Whereas family history of osteoporosis and prior fracture (non-BSI) were most strongly related to BSI in the youth runners, behaviors contributing to an energy deficit, such as eating disorder and consuming <3 meals daily, also emerged as independent factors associated with BSI. Although cross-sectional design limits determining causality, our findings suggest promoting optimal skeletal health through nutrition and participation in other sports including soccer and basketball may address factors associated with BSI in this population.
Types de publication
Journal Article
Retracted Publication
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
1056-1067Commentaires et corrections
Type : RetractionIn
Informations de copyright
© 2021 American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation.
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