Endotoxin contamination of engineered nanomaterials: Overcoming the hurdles associated with endotoxin testing.
contamination
endotoxin
immunotoxicity
nanomaterials
safety
Journal
Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Nanomedicine and nanobiotechnology
ISSN: 1939-0041
Titre abrégé: Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 101508311
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
11 2021
11 2021
Historique:
revised:
10
06
2021
received:
18
02
2021
accepted:
12
06
2021
pubmed:
14
7
2021
medline:
27
1
2022
entrez:
13
7
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Nanomaterials are highly susceptible to endotoxin contamination due their large surface-to-volume ratios and endotoxins propensity to associate readily to hydrophobic and cationic surfaces. Additionally, the stability of endotoxin ensures it cannot be removed efficiently through conventional sterilization techniques such as autoclaving and ionizing radiation. In recent times, the true significance of this hurdle has come to light with multiple reports from the United States Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, in particular, along with our own experiences of endotoxin testing from multiple Horizon 2020-funded projects which highlight the importance of this issue for the clinical translation of nanomaterials. Herein, we provide an overview on the topic of endotoxin contamination of nanomaterials intended for biomedical applications. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine > Regulatory and Policy Issues in Nanomedicine.
Substances chimiques
Endotoxins
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
e1738Informations de copyright
© 2021 The Authors. WIREs Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
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