Yawning Is More Contagious in Pregnant Than Nulliparous Women : Naturalistic and Experimental Evidence.
Emotional contagion
Empathy evolution
Maternal–fetal attachment
Prenatal attachment
Journal
Human nature (Hawthorne, N.Y.)
ISSN: 1936-4776
Titre abrégé: Hum Nat
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 9010063
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Jun 2021
Jun 2021
Historique:
accepted:
21
05
2021
pubmed:
14
7
2021
medline:
26
10
2021
entrez:
13
7
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Contrary to spontaneous yawning, which is widespread in vertebrates and probably evolutionary ancient, contagious yawning-yawning triggered by others' yawns-is considered an evolutionarily recent phenomenon, found in species characterized by complex sociality. Whether the social asymmetry observed in the occurrence of contagious yawning is related to social and emotional attachment and may therefore reflect emotional contagion is a subject of debate. In this study we assessed whether yawn contagion was enhanced in pregnant women, a cohort of subjects who develop prenatal emotional attachment in preparation for parental care, via hormonal and neurobiological changes. We predicted that if yawn contagion underlies social and emotional attachment, pregnant women would be more likely to contagiously yawn than nonpregnant, nulliparous women of reproductive age. We gathered data in two different settings. In the experimental setting, 49 women were exposed to video stimuli of newborns either yawning or moving their mouth (control) and we video-recorded the women during repeated trials to measure their yawning response. In the naturalistic setting, 131 women were observed in a social environment and their yawning response was recorded. We tested the factors influencing the yawning response, including the reproductive status (pregnant vs. not pregnant). In both settings, yawn contagion occurred significantly more in pregnant than nonpregnant women. By showing that pregnant women were most likely to respond to others' yawns, our results support the hypothesis that the social variation observed in yawn contagion may be influenced by emotional attachment and that yawning in highly social species might have been coopted for emotional contagion during evolution.
Identifiants
pubmed: 34255275
doi: 10.1007/s12110-021-09404-w
pii: 10.1007/s12110-021-09404-w
pmc: PMC8321968
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
301-325Subventions
Organisme : Università degli Studi di Torino
ID : NORI_RILO_18_01
Informations de copyright
© 2021. The Author(s).
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