Pathogenesis of HTLV-1 infection and progression biomarkers: An overview.
Biomarkers
HBZ
HTLV-1
Pathogenesis
TAX
Journal
The Brazilian journal of infectious diseases : an official publication of the Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases
ISSN: 1678-4391
Titre abrégé: Braz J Infect Dis
Pays: Brazil
ID NLM: 9812937
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Historique:
received:
08
04
2021
revised:
12
05
2021
accepted:
03
06
2021
pubmed:
14
7
2021
medline:
1
9
2021
entrez:
13
7
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Infection by human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) occurs in lymphocytes, which travel throughout the body, thus affecting several target organs and causing varied clinical outcomes, particularly in populations that are underserved and do not have access to healthcare. However, the mechanism of pathogenesis is not yet fully understood. The TAX and HTLV-1 basic leucine zipper factor (HBZ) proteins maintain viral persistence and affect pathogenesis through cell proliferation and immune and inflammatory responses that accompany each clinical manifestation. TAX expression leads to inhibition of transcription error control, OX40 overexpression, and cell proliferation in adult T-cell leukemia (ATL). OX40 levels are elevated in the central nervous system (CNS), and the expression of TAX in the CNS causes neuronal damage and loss of immune reactivity among patients with HTLV-1-associated myelopathy (HAM). HBZ reduces viral replication and suppresses the immune response. Its cell compartmentalization has been associated with the pathogenesis of HAM (cytoplasmic localization) and ATL (nuclear localization). TAX and HBZ seem to act antagonistically in immune responses, affecting the pathogenesis of HTLV-1 infection. The progression from HTLV-1 infection to disease is a consequence of HTLV-1 replication in CD4
Identifiants
pubmed: 34256025
pii: S1413-8670(21)00063-5
doi: 10.1016/j.bjid.2021.101594
pmc: PMC9392164
pii:
doi:
Substances chimiques
Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors
0
Biomarkers
0
Retroviridae Proteins
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
101594Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2021 Sociedade Brasileira de Infectologia. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
Conflict of Interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
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