The effects of massage velocity on heart rate and heart rate variability in healthy infants: A randomized crossover study.
C tactile afferents (CTs)
Heart rate variability (HRV)
Infant
Massage
Randomized crossover study
Velocity
Journal
Infant behavior & development
ISSN: 1934-8800
Titre abrégé: Infant Behav Dev
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 7806016
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
08 2021
08 2021
Historique:
received:
12
01
2021
revised:
09
06
2021
accepted:
25
06
2021
pubmed:
19
7
2021
medline:
2
10
2021
entrez:
18
7
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Infant massage, in which mothers stroke their infant's skin slowly and gently, can cause pleasant sensations in the infant that can be affected by the velocity of massage. However, the massage velocity at which infants feel the most pleasant sensations remains unclear. To investigate the effects of massage velocity on heart rate (HR) and HR variability (HRV) in healthy infants. Twenty-two infant-mother dyads two to seven months of age were recruited. Mothers stroked their infant's skin at three massage velocities (5.0, 7.5, and 10.0 cm/s) in a randomized order for 15 min. The rhythm of massage velocity was calculated according to the length of three body areas. The massage velocity of the mothers was regulated using a metronome. HR and HRV (high frequency [HF] and low frequency [LF]) were measured at rest and during massage for each velocity. The effects on pleasantness were evaluated using percent change in median baseline value compared with median values for the three massage velocities. Statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance mixed effect models to exclude "period" and "carryover" effects during massage. When measuring HF, massage (7.5 cm/s) caused a significant increase in pleasantness compared with 10.0 cm/s (p = 0.04). The HR and LF/HF ratio were not significantly changed between velocities. Results of this study suggested that a massage velocity of 7.5 cm/s was the most pleasant for infants. Future research should investigate the relationship between an infant massage by optimal velocity and infant development in longitudinal studies.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
Infant massage, in which mothers stroke their infant's skin slowly and gently, can cause pleasant sensations in the infant that can be affected by the velocity of massage. However, the massage velocity at which infants feel the most pleasant sensations remains unclear.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the effects of massage velocity on heart rate (HR) and HR variability (HRV) in healthy infants.
METHOD
Twenty-two infant-mother dyads two to seven months of age were recruited. Mothers stroked their infant's skin at three massage velocities (5.0, 7.5, and 10.0 cm/s) in a randomized order for 15 min. The rhythm of massage velocity was calculated according to the length of three body areas. The massage velocity of the mothers was regulated using a metronome. HR and HRV (high frequency [HF] and low frequency [LF]) were measured at rest and during massage for each velocity. The effects on pleasantness were evaluated using percent change in median baseline value compared with median values for the three massage velocities. Statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance mixed effect models to exclude "period" and "carryover" effects during massage.
RESULTS
When measuring HF, massage (7.5 cm/s) caused a significant increase in pleasantness compared with 10.0 cm/s (p = 0.04). The HR and LF/HF ratio were not significantly changed between velocities.
CONCLUSION
Results of this study suggested that a massage velocity of 7.5 cm/s was the most pleasant for infants. Future research should investigate the relationship between an infant massage by optimal velocity and infant development in longitudinal studies.
Identifiants
pubmed: 34274848
pii: S0163-6383(21)00078-3
doi: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2021.101604
pii:
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
101604Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.