Histopathologic Spectrum of Findings Associated With Tattoos: Multicenter Study Series of 230 Cases.
Adolescent
Adult
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Biopsy
Child
Color
Coloring Agents
/ adverse effects
Dermatitis
/ etiology
Female
Granuloma
/ etiology
Humans
Ink
Lichenoid Eruptions
/ etiology
Male
Middle Aged
Pseudolymphoma
/ etiology
Skin
/ pathology
Skin Diseases, Infectious
/ etiology
Skin Neoplasms
/ pathology
Tattooing
/ adverse effects
Young Adult
Journal
The American Journal of dermatopathology
ISSN: 1533-0311
Titre abrégé: Am J Dermatopathol
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 7911005
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
01 Aug 2021
01 Aug 2021
Historique:
entrez:
19
7
2021
pubmed:
20
7
2021
medline:
21
12
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Reactions to tattoo may simulate common dermatosis or skin neoplasms. Histopathology allows diagnosis and helps determining the level and degree of inflammation associated, consequently orientating treatment. To describe the histological features found in biopsies of cutaneous reactions to tattoo. This study was designed as a multicenter case series. All consecutive histopathological samples of tattoos referred from 1992 to 2019 to the Hospital General de Catalunya, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, and a private practice, all in Barcelona, Spain, and from the Kempf und Pfaltz Histologische Diagnostik in Zurich, Switzerland were retrieved from the files. The inclusion criteria were all cosmetic/permanent makeup, artistic/professional, and traumatic tattoos associated with either inflammatory reactions alone and/or with tumors and/or infections. Exclusion criteria were cases without any associated pathologic finding in the place of the ink, amalgam tattoos, and medical or temporary tattoos. In all patients, clinical features (age, sex, location, tattoo color, and presentation) were recorded. Histological features evaluated included ink color, associated tumors or infections, and inflammatory reaction pattern. Inflammation was graded in low to moderate or severe. From 477 biopsies diagnosed as tattoos, 230 cases from 226 patients met the inclusion criteria. Samples corresponded to 107 male and 120 female subjects and 3 of unknown gender. Median age was 39 years (ranging from 9 to 84 years). Fifty-three samples were referred from centers in Spain and 177 from the center in Switzerland. The series was analyzed in 2 parts: tattoos associated only with inflammatory reactions (117/230) and tattoos associated with tumors or infections (113/230). The most common form of inflammatory pattern associated with tattoo was the fibrosing reaction (79/117, 68%), followed by granulomatous reaction (56/117, 48%), lichenoid reaction (33/117, 28%), epithelial hyperplasia (28/117, 24%), pseudolymphoma (27/117, 23%) and spongiotic reaction (27/117, 23%). Combined features of 2 or more types of inflammatory patterns were seen in 64% cases. Our series confirms that cutaneous reactions to tattoos are polymorphous. Inflammation tends to present with combined patterns. Infections are tending to decline, and pathologic findings are not specific to ink color or clinical features.
Identifiants
pubmed: 34276026
doi: 10.1097/DAD.0000000000001695
pii: 00000372-202108000-00001
doi:
Substances chimiques
Coloring Agents
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Multicenter Study
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
543-553Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2021 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
Dr. Fernández-Figueras has disclosed that she was a consultant/adviser to Almirall. Lippincott CME Institute has identified and resolved all conflicts of interest concerning this educational activity.
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