Differential metabolism of choline supplements in adult volunteers.
Choline
Glycerophosphocholine
Supplementation
Trimethylamine oxide
Journal
European journal of nutrition
ISSN: 1436-6215
Titre abrégé: Eur J Nutr
Pays: Germany
ID NLM: 100888704
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Feb 2022
Feb 2022
Historique:
received:
01
02
2021
accepted:
05
07
2021
pubmed:
22
7
2021
medline:
27
1
2022
entrez:
21
7
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Adequate intake of choline is essential for growth and homeostasis, but its supply does often not meet requirements. Choline deficiency decreases phosphatidylcholine (PC) and betaine synthesis, resulting in organ pathology, especially of liver, lung, and brain. This is of particular clinical importance in preterm infants and cystic fibrosis patients. We compared four different choline supplements for their impact on plasma concentration and kinetics of choline, betaine as a methyl donor and trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) as a marker of bacterial degradation prior to absorption. Prospective randomized cross-over study (1/2020-4/2020) in six healthy adult men. Participants received a single dose of 550 mg/d choline equivalent in the form of choline chloride, choline bitartrate, α-glycerophosphocholine (GPC), and egg-PC in randomized sequence at least 1 week apart. Blood was taken from t = - 0.1-6 h after supplement intake. Choline, betaine, TMAO, and total PC concentrations were analyzed by tandem mass spectrometry. Results are shown as medians and interquartile range. There was no difference in the AUC of choline plasma concentrations after intake of the different supplements. Individual plasma kinetics of choline and betaine differed and concentrations peaked latest for PC (at ≈3 h). All supplements similarly increased plasma betaine. All water-soluble supplements rapidly increased TMAO, whereas egg-PC did not. All supplements tested rapidly increased choline and betaine levels to a similar extent, with egg-PC showing the latest peak. Assuming that TMAO may have undesirable effects, egg-PC might be best suited for choline supplementation in adults. This study was registered at "Deutsches Register Klinischer Studien" (DRKS) (German Register for Clinical Studies), 17.01.2020, DRKS00020454.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
Adequate intake of choline is essential for growth and homeostasis, but its supply does often not meet requirements. Choline deficiency decreases phosphatidylcholine (PC) and betaine synthesis, resulting in organ pathology, especially of liver, lung, and brain. This is of particular clinical importance in preterm infants and cystic fibrosis patients. We compared four different choline supplements for their impact on plasma concentration and kinetics of choline, betaine as a methyl donor and trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) as a marker of bacterial degradation prior to absorption.
METHODS
METHODS
Prospective randomized cross-over study (1/2020-4/2020) in six healthy adult men. Participants received a single dose of 550 mg/d choline equivalent in the form of choline chloride, choline bitartrate, α-glycerophosphocholine (GPC), and egg-PC in randomized sequence at least 1 week apart. Blood was taken from t = - 0.1-6 h after supplement intake. Choline, betaine, TMAO, and total PC concentrations were analyzed by tandem mass spectrometry. Results are shown as medians and interquartile range.
RESULTS
RESULTS
There was no difference in the AUC of choline plasma concentrations after intake of the different supplements. Individual plasma kinetics of choline and betaine differed and concentrations peaked latest for PC (at ≈3 h). All supplements similarly increased plasma betaine. All water-soluble supplements rapidly increased TMAO, whereas egg-PC did not.
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSIONS
All supplements tested rapidly increased choline and betaine levels to a similar extent, with egg-PC showing the latest peak. Assuming that TMAO may have undesirable effects, egg-PC might be best suited for choline supplementation in adults.
STUDY REGISTRATION
BACKGROUND
This study was registered at "Deutsches Register Klinischer Studien" (DRKS) (German Register for Clinical Studies), 17.01.2020, DRKS00020454.
Identifiants
pubmed: 34287673
doi: 10.1007/s00394-021-02637-6
pii: 10.1007/s00394-021-02637-6
pmc: PMC8783899
doi:
Substances chimiques
Betaine
3SCV180C9W
Choline
N91BDP6H0X
Banques de données
DRKS
['DRKS00020454']
Types de publication
Journal Article
Randomized Controlled Trial
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
219-230Informations de copyright
© 2021. The Author(s).
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