Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in 45,965 adults from the general population of the United Kingdom.
Journal
Nature microbiology
ISSN: 2058-5276
Titre abrégé: Nat Microbiol
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101674869
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
09 2021
09 2021
Historique:
received:
02
06
2021
accepted:
01
07
2021
pubmed:
23
7
2021
medline:
3
9
2021
entrez:
22
7
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
We report that in a cohort of 45,965 adults, who were receiving either the ChAdOx1 or the BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, in those who had no prior infection with SARS-CoV-2, seroconversion rates and quantitative antibody levels after a single dose were lower in older individuals, especially in those aged >60 years. Two vaccine doses achieved high responses across all ages. Antibody levels increased more slowly and to lower levels with a single dose of ChAdOx1 compared with a single dose of BNT162b2, but waned following a single dose of BNT162b2 in older individuals. In descriptive latent class models, we identified four responder subgroups, including a 'low responder' group that more commonly consisted of people aged >75 years, males and individuals with long-term health conditions. Given our findings, we propose that available vaccines should be prioritized for those not previously infected and that second doses should be prioritized for individuals aged >60 years. Further data are needed to better understand the extent to which quantitative antibody responses are associated with vaccine-mediated protection.
Identifiants
pubmed: 34290390
doi: 10.1038/s41564-021-00947-3
pii: 10.1038/s41564-021-00947-3
pmc: PMC8294260
doi:
Substances chimiques
Antibodies, Viral
0
COVID-19 Vaccines
0
Immunoglobulin G
0
BNT162 Vaccine
N38TVC63NU
Types de publication
Clinical Trial
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
1140-1149Subventions
Organisme : Wellcome Trust
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : Medical Research Council
ID : MC_UU_00008/6
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : Medical Research Council
ID : MR/V001329/1
Pays : United Kingdom
Investigateurs
Alex Lambert
(A)
Tina Thomas
(T)
Russell Black
(R)
Antonio Felton
(A)
Megan Crees
(M)
Joel Jones
(J)
Lina Lloyd
(L)
Esther Sutherland
(E)
Emma Pritchard
(E)
Karina-Doris Vihta
(KD)
George Doherty
(G)
James Kavanagh
(J)
Kevin K Chau
(KK)
Stephanie B Hatch
(SB)
Daniel Ebner
(D)
Lucas Martins Ferreira
(LM)
Thomas Christott
(T)
Wanwisa Dejnirattisai
(W)
Juthathip Mongkolsapaya
(J)
Sarah Cameron
(S)
Phoebe Tamblin-Hopper
(P)
Magda Wolna
(M)
Rachael Brown
(R)
Richard Cornall
(R)
Gavin Screaton
(G)
Katrina Lythgoe
(K)
David Bonsall
(D)
Tanya Golubchik
(T)
Helen Fryer
(H)
Stuart Cox
(S)
Kevin Paddon
(K)
Tim James
(T)
Thomas House
(T)
Julie Robotham
(J)
Paul Birrell
(P)
Helena Jordan
(H)
Tim Sheppard
(T)
Graham Athey
(G)
Dan Moody
(D)
Leigh Curry
(L)
Pamela Brereton
(P)
Ian Jarvis
(I)
Anna Godsmark
(A)
George Morris
(G)
Bobby Mallick
(B)
Phil Eeles
(P)
Jodie Hay
(J)
Harper VanSteenhouse
(H)
Jessica Lee
(J)
Informations de copyright
© 2021. The Author(s).
Références
Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency. Regulatory Approval of Pfizer/BioNTech Vaccine for COVID-19 (GOV.UK, 2020); https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/regulatory-approval-of-pfizer-biontech-vaccine-for-covid-19
Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency. Oxford University/AstraZeneca COVID-19 Vaccine Approved (GOV.UK, 2020); https://www.gov.uk/government/news/oxford-universityastrazeneca-covid-19-vaccine-approved
UK COVID-19 Vaccines Delivery Plan Contents (Department of Health and Social Care, 2021).
Polack, F. P. et al. Safety and efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 vaccine. N. Engl. J. Med. 383, 2603–2615 (2020).
doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2034577
Voysey, M. et al. Safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) against SARS-CoV-2: an interim analysis of four randomised controlled trials in Brazil, South Africa, and the UK. Lancet 397, 99–111 (2021).
doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32661-1
Eyre, D. W. et al. Quantitative SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike responsesto Pfizer–BioNTech and Oxford–AstraZeneca vaccines by previous infection status. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2021.05.041 (2021).
Ebinger, J. E. et al. Antibody responses to the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine in individuals previously infected with SARS-CoV-2. Nat. Med. 27, 981–984 (2021).
doi: 10.1038/s41591-021-01325-6
Ciccone, E. J. et al. SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity after infection and antibody response to mRNA-based vaccination. Preprint at medRxiv https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02.09.21251319 (2021).
Saadat, S. et al. Binding and neutralization antibody titers after a single vaccine dose in health care workers previously infected with SARS-CoV-2. JAMA 325, 1467–1469 (2021).
doi: 10.1001/jama.2021.3341
Subbarao, S. et al. Robust antibody responses in 70–80-year-olds 3 weeks after the first or second doses of Pfizer/BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine, United Kingdom, January to February 2021. Euro Surveill. 26, 2100329 (2021).
doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2021.26.12.2100329
Parry, H. M. et al. BNT162b2 vaccination in people over 80 years of age induces strong humoral immune responses with cross neutralisation of P.1 Brazilian variant. Preprint at SSRN https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3816840 (2021).
Ward, H. et al. REACT-2 Round 5: increasing prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies demonstrate impact of the second wave and of vaccine roll-out in England. Preprint at medRxiv https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02.26.21252512 (2021).
Harvala, H. et al. Convalescent plasma therapy for the treatment of patients with COVID-19: assessment of methods available for antibody detection and their correlation with neutralising antibody levels. Transfus. Med. 31, 167–175 (2021).
doi: 10.1111/tme.12746
Khoury, D. S. et al. Neutralizing antibody levels are highly predictive of immune protection from symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nat. Med. 27, 1205–1211 (2021).
doi: 10.1038/s41591-021-01377-8
Lumley, S. F. et al. Antibody status and incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in health care workers. N. Engl. J. Med. 384, 533–540 (2021).
doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2034545
Abu Jabal, K. et al. Impact of age, ethnicity, sex and prior infection status on immunogenicity following a single dose of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine: real-world evidence from healthcare workers, Israel, December 2020 to January 2021. Euro Surveill. 26, 2100096 (2021).
doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2021.26.6.2100096
Prendecki, M. et al. Effect of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection on humoral and T-cell responses to single-dose BNT162b2 vaccine. Lancet 397, 1178–1181 (2021).
doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00502-X
Grzelak, L. et al. Sex differences in the evolution of neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2. J. Infect. Dis. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiab127 (2021).
Chang, W. H. A review of vaccine effects on women in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. Taiwan. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 59, 812–820 (2020).
doi: 10.1016/j.tjog.2020.09.006
Klein, S. L. & Flanagan, K. L. Sex differences in immune responses. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 16, 626–638 (2016).
doi: 10.1038/nri.2016.90
Krammer, F. et al. Antibody responses in seropositive persons after a single dose of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine. N. Engl. J. Med. 384, 1372–1374 (2021).
doi: 10.1056/NEJMc2101667
Pritchard, E. et al. Impact of vaccination on new SARS-CoV-2 infections in the United Kingdom. Nat. Med. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-021-01410-w (2021).
Goldberg, Y. et al. Protection of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection is similar to that of BNT162b2 vaccine protection: a three-month nationwide experience from Israel. Preprint at medRxiv https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.04.20.21255670 (2021).
Shrotri, M. et al. Vaccine effectiveness of the first dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and BNT162b2 against SARS-CoV-2 infection in residents of long-term care facilities in England (VIVALDI): a prospective cohort study. Lancet Infect. Dis. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(21)00289-9 (2021).
Bernal, J. L. et al. Effectiveness of the Pfizer-BioNTech and Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccines on covid-19 related symptoms, hospital admissions, and mortality in older adults in England: test negative case-control study. BMJ https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n1088 (2021).
Angyal, A. et al. T-cell and antibody responses to first BNT162b2 vaccine dose in previously SARS-CoV-2-infected and infection-naive UK healthcare workers: a multicentre, prospective, observational cohort study. Preprint at SSRN https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3812375 (2021).
Saad-Roy, C. M. et al. Epidemiological and evolutionary considerations of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine dosing regimes. Science 372, 363–370 (2021).
doi: 10.1126/science.abg8663
Pouwels, K. B. et al. Community prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in England from April to November, 2020: results from the ONS Coronavirus Infection Survey. Lancet Public Health 6, e30–e38 (2021).
doi: 10.1016/S2468-2667(20)30282-6
Ainsworth, M. et al. Performance characteristics of five immunoassays for SARS-CoV-2: a head-to-head benchmark comparison. Lancet Infect. Dis. 20, 1390–1400 (2020).
doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30634-4