Current and future biomarkers for outcomes with immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have been validated as an effective new treatment strategy in several tumoral types including lung cancer. This remarkable shift in the therapeutic paradigm is in large part due to the duration of responses and long-term survival seen with ICI. However, despite this, the majority of cancer patients do not experience benefit from ICI. Even among patients who initially respond to ICI, disease progression may ultimately occur. Moreover, in some patients, these drugs may be associated with new patterns of progression such as pseudo-progression and hyper-progressive disease, and different toxicity profiles with immune-related adverse events. Therefore, the identification of predictive biomarkers may help to select those patients most likely to obtain a true benefit from these drugs, and avoid exposure to potential toxicity in patients who will not obtain clinical benefit, while also reducing the economic impact. In this review, we summarize current and promising potential predictive biomarkers of ICI in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), as well as pitfalls encountered with their use and areas of focus to optimize their routine clinical implementation.

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2021 Translational Lung Cancer Research. All rights reserved.

Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts

Conflicts of Interest: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form (available at http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/tlcr-20-839). The series “Immunotherapy in other thoracic malignancies and uncommon populations” was commissioned by the editorial office without any funding or sponsorship. JR served as the unpaid Guest Editor of the focused issue and serves as an unpaid editorial board member of Translational Lung Cancer Research from Sep. 2019 to Sep. 2021. BB served as the unpaid Guest Editor of the focused issue. BD reports personal fees and non-financial support from Roche, non-financial support from Oxyvie, personal fees from Pfizer, non-financial support from Astra Zeneca, outside the submitted work. JR reports ADVISORY from MSD, ADVISORY from BOEHRINGER, SPEAKER from PFIZER, personal fees and TRAVEL from OSE IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS, TRAVEL/ADVISORY from BMS, TRAVEL/ADVISORY from ASTRAZENECA, TRAVEL/ADVISORY from ROCHE, outside the submitted work. EA reports non-financial support from Travel expenses: Mundipharma, personal fees from Sanofi Genzyme, outside the submitted work. BB reports grants from Abbvie, grants from Amgen, grants from Astrazeneca, grants from BeiGene, grants from Blueprint Medicine, grants from BMS, grants from Boehringer Ingelheim, grants from Celgene, grants from Cristal Therapeutics, grants from Daiichi-Sankyo, grants from Eli Lilly, grants from GSK, grants from Ignyta, grants from IPSEN, grants from Inivata, grants from Janssen, grants from Merck KGaA, grants from MSD, grants from Nektar, grants from Onxeo, grants from OSE immunotherapeutics, grants from Pfizer, grants from Pharma Mar, grants from Roche Genentech, grants from Sanofi, grants from Servier, grants from Spectrum Phamarceuticals, grants from Takeda, grants from Tiziana Pharma, grants from Tolero Pharmaceuticals, outside the submitted work. NC reports grants from BMS Fondation, during the conduct of the study; grants from SANOFI, grants from GSK, grants and personal fees from ASTRAZENECA, grants from ROCHE, grants and other from CYTUNE PHARMA, grants from BMS Fondation, outside the submitted work. The authors have no other conflicts of interest to declare.