Defining R-loop classes and their contributions to genome instability.
DNA damage
Elongation
Genome instability
Promoter-pausing
R-loops
Transcription
Journal
DNA repair
ISSN: 1568-7856
Titre abrégé: DNA Repair (Amst)
Pays: Netherlands
ID NLM: 101139138
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
10 2021
10 2021
Historique:
received:
23
05
2021
revised:
14
07
2021
accepted:
16
07
2021
pubmed:
25
7
2021
medline:
21
10
2021
entrez:
24
7
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
R-loops are non-B DNA structures that form during transcription when the nascent RNA anneals to the template DNA strand forming a RNA:DNA hybrid. Understanding the genomic distribution and function of R-loops is an important goal, since R-loops have been implicated in a number of adaptive and maladaptive processes under physiological and pathological conditions. Based on R-loop mapping datasets, we propose the existence of two main classes of R-loops, each associated with unique characteristics. Promoter-paused R-loops (Class I) are short R-loops that form at high frequency during promoter-proximal pausing by RNA polymerase II. Elongation-associated R-loops (Class II) are long structures that occur throughout gene bodies at modest frequencies. We further discuss the relationships between each R-loop class with instances of genome instability and suggest that increased class I R-loops, resulting from enhanced promoter-proximal pausing, represent the main culprits for R-loop mediated genome instability under pathological conditions.
Identifiants
pubmed: 34303066
pii: S1568-7864(21)00138-5
doi: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2021.103182
pmc: PMC8691176
mid: NIHMS1762391
pii:
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
103182Subventions
Organisme : NIGMS NIH HHS
ID : F31 GM136143
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIGMS NIH HHS
ID : R35 GM139549
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIGMS NIH HHS
ID : T32 GM007377
Pays : United States
Commentaires et corrections
Type : CommentIn
Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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