Precision medicine: Concept and tools.
Big data
Epigenetics
Omics
Precision medicine
Preventive medicine
Journal
Medical journal, Armed Forces India
ISSN: 0377-1237
Titre abrégé: Med J Armed Forces India
Pays: India
ID NLM: 7602492
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Jul 2021
Jul 2021
Historique:
entrez:
26
7
2021
pubmed:
27
7
2021
medline:
27
7
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Precision medicine is the new age medicine and refers to tailoring treatments to a subpopulation who have a common susceptibility to a particular disease or similar response to a particular drug. Although the concept existed even during the times of Sir William Osler, it was given a shot in the arm with the Precision Medicine Initiative launched by Barack Obama in 2015. The main tools of precision medicine are Big data, artificial intelligence, the various omics, pharmaco-omics, environmental and social factors and the integration of these with preventive and population medicine. Big data can be acquired from electronic health records of patients and includes various biomarkers (clinical and omics based), laboratory and radiological investigations and these can be analysed through machine learning by various complex flowcharts setting up an algorithm for the management of specific subpopulations. So, there is a move away from the traditional "one size fits all" treatment to precision-based medicine. Research in "omics" has increased in leaps and bounds and advancements have included the fields of genomics, epigenomics, proteomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics and microbiomics. Pharmaco-omics has also come to the forefront with development of new drugs and suiting a particular drug to a particular subpopulation, thus avoiding their prescription to non-responders, preventing unwanted adverse effects and proving economical in the long run. Environmental, social and behavioural factors are as important or in fact more important than genetic factors in most complex diseases and managing these factors form an important part of precision medicine. Finally integrating precision with preventive and public health makes "precision medicine" a complete final product which will change the way medicine will be practised in future.
Identifiants
pubmed: 34305276
doi: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2021.06.021
pii: S0377-1237(21)00167-2
pmc: PMC8282508
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Pagination
249-257Informations de copyright
© 2021 Director General, Armed Forces Medical Services. Published by Elsevier, a division of RELX India Pvt. Ltd.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
The authors have none to declare.
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