Effect of seasonal malaria chemoprevention plus azithromycin on Plasmodium falciparum transmission: gametocyte infectivity and mosquito fitness.
Amodiaquine
/ administration & dosage
Animals
Antimalarials
/ administration & dosage
Azithromycin
/ administration & dosage
Chemoprevention
Child, Preschool
Culicidae
/ physiology
Drug Combinations
Genetic Fitness
Humans
Malaria, Falciparum
/ prevention & control
Plasmodium falciparum
/ physiology
Pyrimethamine
/ administration & dosage
Seasons
Sulfadoxine
/ administration & dosage
Azithromycin
Gametocytes
Seasonal malaria chemoprevention
Transmission
Journal
Malaria journal
ISSN: 1475-2875
Titre abrégé: Malar J
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101139802
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
27 Jul 2021
27 Jul 2021
Historique:
received:
23
04
2021
accepted:
16
07
2021
entrez:
28
7
2021
pubmed:
29
7
2021
medline:
6
11
2021
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) consists of administration of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) + amodiaquine (AQ) at monthly intervals to children during the malaria transmission period. Whether the addition of azithromycin (AZ) to SMC could potentiate the benefit of the intervention was tested through a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. The effect of SMC and the addition of AZ, on malaria transmission and on the life history traits of Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes have been investigated. The study included 438 children randomly selected from among participants in the SMC + AZ trial and 198 children from the same area who did not receive chemoprevention. For each participant in the SMC + AZ trial, blood was collected 14 to 21 days post treatment, examined for the presence of malaria sexual and asexual stages and provided as a blood meal to An. gambiae females using a direct membrane-feeding assay. The SMC treatment, with or without AZ, significantly reduced the prevalence of asexual Plasmodium falciparum (LRT X This study demonstrates that SMC may contribute to a reduction in human to mosquito transmission of P. falciparum, and the reduced mosquito longevity observed for females fed on treated blood may increase the benefit of this intervention in control of malaria. The addition of AZ to SPAQ in SMC appeared to enhance the infectivity of gametocytes providing further evidence that this combination is not an appropriate intervention.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
Seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) consists of administration of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) + amodiaquine (AQ) at monthly intervals to children during the malaria transmission period. Whether the addition of azithromycin (AZ) to SMC could potentiate the benefit of the intervention was tested through a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. The effect of SMC and the addition of AZ, on malaria transmission and on the life history traits of Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes have been investigated.
METHODS
METHODS
The study included 438 children randomly selected from among participants in the SMC + AZ trial and 198 children from the same area who did not receive chemoprevention. For each participant in the SMC + AZ trial, blood was collected 14 to 21 days post treatment, examined for the presence of malaria sexual and asexual stages and provided as a blood meal to An. gambiae females using a direct membrane-feeding assay.
RESULTS
RESULTS
The SMC treatment, with or without AZ, significantly reduced the prevalence of asexual Plasmodium falciparum (LRT X
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSIONS
This study demonstrates that SMC may contribute to a reduction in human to mosquito transmission of P. falciparum, and the reduced mosquito longevity observed for females fed on treated blood may increase the benefit of this intervention in control of malaria. The addition of AZ to SPAQ in SMC appeared to enhance the infectivity of gametocytes providing further evidence that this combination is not an appropriate intervention.
Identifiants
pubmed: 34315475
doi: 10.1186/s12936-021-03855-3
pii: 10.1186/s12936-021-03855-3
pmc: PMC8314489
doi:
Substances chimiques
Antimalarials
0
Drug Combinations
0
Amodiaquine
220236ED28
fanasil, pyrimethamine drug combination
37338-39-9
Azithromycin
83905-01-5
Sulfadoxine
88463U4SM5
Pyrimethamine
Z3614QOX8W
Types de publication
Journal Article
Randomized Controlled Trial
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
326Subventions
Organisme : Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement
ID : JEAI grant
Informations de copyright
© 2021. The Author(s).
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