Rapid determination of eight benzodiazepines in suspected counterfeit pharmaceuticals using surface-enhanced Raman scattering with handheld Raman spectrometers.
benzodiazepines
counterfeit pharmaceuticals
handheld SERS
trace drug analysis
Journal
Journal of forensic sciences
ISSN: 1556-4029
Titre abrégé: J Forensic Sci
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 0375370
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Nov 2021
Nov 2021
Historique:
revised:
03
06
2021
received:
07
05
2021
accepted:
25
06
2021
pubmed:
29
7
2021
medline:
19
11
2021
entrez:
28
7
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
The excessive prescription of benzodiazepines is putting more people at risk of dependence on these drugs and is exacerbating the fatal overdose toll of opioids. A rapid and sensitive SERS method has been developed for trace detection of select benzodiazepines in low-dosage suspect counterfeit tablets, capsules, and injectable solutions using two different portable handheld Raman spectrometers equipped with either a 785-nm laser or a 1064-nm laser. A total of 169 samples and blanks were examined using five handheld Raman spectrometers, which provided data set of 729 examinations. The extraction/SERS procedures yielded true positive rates above 90% for alprazolam, diazepam, and midazolam using the 1064-nm device and yielded true positive rates above 95% for alprazolam, clonazepam, diazepam, estazolam, midazolam, and temazepam using the 785-nm device; however, the extraction/SERS procedures yielded true positive rates below 60% for lorazepam and triazolam. The minimum concentration (C
Identifiants
pubmed: 34318500
doi: 10.1111/1556-4029.14797
doi:
Substances chimiques
Capsules
0
Counterfeit Drugs
0
Tablets
0
Benzodiazepines
12794-10-4
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
2167-2179Informations de copyright
Published 2021. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
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