Role of the GH-IGF1 axis on the hypothalamus-pituitary-testicular axis function: lessons from Laron syndrome.
IGF1
Laron syndrome
micropenis
oligozoospermia
puberty
testicular volume
Journal
Endocrine connections
ISSN: 2049-3614
Titre abrégé: Endocr Connect
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101598413
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
25 Aug 2021
25 Aug 2021
Historique:
received:
24
06
2021
accepted:
28
07
2021
pubmed:
29
7
2021
medline:
29
7
2021
entrez:
28
7
2021
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Animal studies suggest that insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) may influence the function of the hypothalamus-pituitary-testicular axis, especially in childhood, but the evidence in humans is scanty. Laron syndrome, a human model of IGF1 deficiency, may help to solve this issue. This systematic review aims to analyze puberty onset and progression, testicular volume, gonadotropin, and total testosterone serum levels, sperm parameters and fertility, and penile length in patients with Laron syndrome. Specific keywords were used. All data on male patients with Laron syndrome were included. Seventeen articles matched the inclusion criteria and were entered in the analysis, for a total of 125 male patients. Puberty was absent in 8.9% and delayed in 35.6% of untreated patients of pubertal age. After onset, the duration of the pubertal process was prolonged in 76.9% of untreated patients. The growth spurt was absent in 52.6% and delayed in 31.6% of untreated patients. The testicular volume was small in the two patients who did not receive any treatment. Treatment with IGF1 increased gonadotropin and testosterone serum levels in five out of five patients of pubertal age. No effect was found in four out of four patients younger than 5 years. No study reported data on sperm parameters and fertility. Micropenis occurred in 67.2% of patients. Delayed puberty is common in patients with Laron syndrome. The growth hormone-IGF1 axis may influence the time of puberty onset. Serum levels of IGF1 should be investigated in children with delayed puberty, scarce progression of testicular growth, and/or micropenis. IGF1 levels might be measured in children with delayed puberty, poor testicular growth, and/or micropenis.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
Animal studies suggest that insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) may influence the function of the hypothalamus-pituitary-testicular axis, especially in childhood, but the evidence in humans is scanty. Laron syndrome, a human model of IGF1 deficiency, may help to solve this issue.
PURPOSE
OBJECTIVE
This systematic review aims to analyze puberty onset and progression, testicular volume, gonadotropin, and total testosterone serum levels, sperm parameters and fertility, and penile length in patients with Laron syndrome.
METHODS
METHODS
Specific keywords were used. All data on male patients with Laron syndrome were included.
RESULTS
RESULTS
Seventeen articles matched the inclusion criteria and were entered in the analysis, for a total of 125 male patients. Puberty was absent in 8.9% and delayed in 35.6% of untreated patients of pubertal age. After onset, the duration of the pubertal process was prolonged in 76.9% of untreated patients. The growth spurt was absent in 52.6% and delayed in 31.6% of untreated patients. The testicular volume was small in the two patients who did not receive any treatment. Treatment with IGF1 increased gonadotropin and testosterone serum levels in five out of five patients of pubertal age. No effect was found in four out of four patients younger than 5 years. No study reported data on sperm parameters and fertility. Micropenis occurred in 67.2% of patients.
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES
UNASSIGNED
Delayed puberty is common in patients with Laron syndrome. The growth hormone-IGF1 axis may influence the time of puberty onset. Serum levels of IGF1 should be investigated in children with delayed puberty, scarce progression of testicular growth, and/or micropenis. IGF1 levels might be measured in children with delayed puberty, poor testicular growth, and/or micropenis.
Identifiants
pubmed: 34319907
doi: 10.1530/EC-21-0252
pii: EC-21-0252
pmc: PMC8428041
doi:
pii:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Pagination
1006-1017Références
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