Progressive growth of the solid-electrolyte interphase towards the Si anode interior causes capacity fading.
Journal
Nature nanotechnology
ISSN: 1748-3395
Titre abrégé: Nat Nanotechnol
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101283273
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Oct 2021
Oct 2021
Historique:
received:
12
08
2020
accepted:
16
06
2021
pubmed:
31
7
2021
medline:
31
7
2021
entrez:
30
7
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
The solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI), a layer formed on the electrode surface, is essential for electrochemical reactions in batteries and critically governs the battery stability. Active materials, especially those with extremely high energy density, such as silicon (Si), often inevitably undergo a large volume swing upon ion insertion and extraction, raising a critical question as to how the SEI interactively responds to and evolves with the material and consequently controls the cycling stability of the battery. Here, by integrating sensitive elemental tomography, an advanced algorithm and cryogenic scanning transmission electron microscopy, we unveil, in three dimensions, a correlated structural and chemical evolution of Si and SEI. Corroborated with a chemomechanical model, we demonstrate progressive electrolyte permeation and SEI growth along the percolation channel of the nanovoids due to vacancy injection and condensation during the delithiation process. Consequently, the Si-SEI spatial configuration evolves from the classic 'core-shell' structure in the first few cycles to a 'plum-pudding' structure following extended cycling, featuring the engulfing of Si domains by the SEI, which leads to the disruption of electron conduction pathways and formation of dead Si, contributing to capacity loss. The spatially coupled interactive evolution model of SEI and active materials, in principle, applies to a broad class of high-capacity electrode materials, leading to a critical insight for remedying the fading of high-capacity electrodes.
Identifiants
pubmed: 34326526
doi: 10.1038/s41565-021-00947-8
pii: 10.1038/s41565-021-00947-8
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
1113-1120Informations de copyright
© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.
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