Evaluation of the solubility of a range of copper sources and the effects of iron & sulphur on copper solubility under rumen simulated conditions.
Bioavailability
Copper antagonism
Ruminant
Supplementation
Journal
Journal of trace elements in medicine and biology : organ of the Society for Minerals and Trace Elements (GMS)
ISSN: 1878-3252
Titre abrégé: J Trace Elem Med Biol
Pays: Germany
ID NLM: 9508274
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Dec 2021
Dec 2021
Historique:
received:
30
11
2020
revised:
13
05
2021
accepted:
03
07
2021
pubmed:
2
8
2021
medline:
17
2
2022
entrez:
1
8
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Antagonisms exist in vivo which inhibit copper bioavailability in ruminants. Although the antagonism between iron, sulphur and copper has been well observed in vivo in practice the mechanism by which it acts has not yet been elucidated, nor the compound it creates identified. This results in problems when trying to optimise supplementation to prevent the interaction from occurring or provide a copper source which is able to negate its effects. This work aims to establish if the antagonism between sulphur, iron and copper could be elicited under in vitro rumen replicated conditions and using a range of copper sources to investigate any differences in their participation in the interaction. Rumen simulated conditions were used to test solubility as a proxy for bioavailability of different copper sources. Sources from ionic, hydroxy and organic compounds were tested in de-ionised water and warmed, strained rumen fluid which mimicked duration, agitation, temperature and pH of the rumen. All copper sources were less soluble in rumen fluid than in de-ionised water. The addition of sulphide, alone or as part of a sulphur mix with sulphate produced a pronounced reduction in solubility on each of the copper sources. The most soluble were the greatest affected. There was no indication that an in insoluble compound containing copper and iron was formed under these conditions. The intricacy of the in vivo rumen is required to elicit the reaction between copper, iron and sulphur.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
Antagonisms exist in vivo which inhibit copper bioavailability in ruminants. Although the antagonism between iron, sulphur and copper has been well observed in vivo in practice the mechanism by which it acts has not yet been elucidated, nor the compound it creates identified. This results in problems when trying to optimise supplementation to prevent the interaction from occurring or provide a copper source which is able to negate its effects. This work aims to establish if the antagonism between sulphur, iron and copper could be elicited under in vitro rumen replicated conditions and using a range of copper sources to investigate any differences in their participation in the interaction.
METHODS
METHODS
Rumen simulated conditions were used to test solubility as a proxy for bioavailability of different copper sources. Sources from ionic, hydroxy and organic compounds were tested in de-ionised water and warmed, strained rumen fluid which mimicked duration, agitation, temperature and pH of the rumen.
RESULTS
RESULTS
All copper sources were less soluble in rumen fluid than in de-ionised water. The addition of sulphide, alone or as part of a sulphur mix with sulphate produced a pronounced reduction in solubility on each of the copper sources. The most soluble were the greatest affected.
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSIONS
There was no indication that an in insoluble compound containing copper and iron was formed under these conditions. The intricacy of the in vivo rumen is required to elicit the reaction between copper, iron and sulphur.
Identifiants
pubmed: 34333361
pii: S0946-672X(21)00105-X
doi: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2021.126815
pii:
doi:
Substances chimiques
Water
059QF0KO0R
Sulfur
70FD1KFU70
Copper
789U1901C5
Iron
E1UOL152H7
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
126815Informations de copyright
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