Commentary: Novel strategies and new tools to curtail the health effects of pesticides.
Journal
Environmental health : a global access science source
ISSN: 1476-069X
Titre abrégé: Environ Health
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101147645
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
03 08 2021
03 08 2021
Historique:
received:
01
03
2021
accepted:
18
07
2021
entrez:
3
8
2021
pubmed:
4
8
2021
medline:
28
9
2021
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Flaws in the science supporting pesticide risk assessment and regulation stand in the way of progress in mitigating the human health impacts of pesticides. Critical problems include the scope of regulatory testing protocols, the near-total focus on pure active ingredients rather than formulated products, lack of publicly accessible information on co-formulants, excessive reliance on industry-supported studies coupled with reticence to incorporate published results in the risk assessment process, and failure to take advantage of new scientific opportunities and advances, e.g. biomonitoring and "omics" technologies. Problems in pesticide risk assessment are identified and linked to study design, data, and methodological shortcomings. Steps and strategies are presented that have potential to deepen scientific knowledge of pesticide toxicity, exposures, and risks. We propose four solutions: (1) End near-sole reliance in regulatory decision-making on industry-supported studies by supporting and relying more heavily on independent science, especially for core toxicology studies. The cost of conducting core toxicology studies at labs not affiliated with or funded directly by pesticide registrants should be covered via fees paid by manufacturers to public agencies. (2) Regulators should place more weight on mechanistic data and low-dose studies within the range of contemporary exposures. (3) Regulators, public health agencies, and funders should increase the share of exposure-assessment resources that produce direct measures of concentrations in bodily fluids and tissues. Human biomonitoring is vital in order to quickly identify rising exposures among vulnerable populations including applicators, pregnant women, and children. (4) Scientific tools across disciplines can accelerate progress in risk assessments if integrated more effectively. New genetic and metabolomic markers of adverse health impacts and heritable epigenetic impacts are emerging and should be included more routinely in risk assessment to effectively prevent disease. Preventing adverse public health outcomes triggered or made worse by exposure to pesticides will require changes in policy and risk assessment procedures, more science free of industry influence, and innovative strategies that blend traditional methods with new tools and mechanistic insights.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
Flaws in the science supporting pesticide risk assessment and regulation stand in the way of progress in mitigating the human health impacts of pesticides. Critical problems include the scope of regulatory testing protocols, the near-total focus on pure active ingredients rather than formulated products, lack of publicly accessible information on co-formulants, excessive reliance on industry-supported studies coupled with reticence to incorporate published results in the risk assessment process, and failure to take advantage of new scientific opportunities and advances, e.g. biomonitoring and "omics" technologies.
RECOMMENDED ACTIONS
Problems in pesticide risk assessment are identified and linked to study design, data, and methodological shortcomings. Steps and strategies are presented that have potential to deepen scientific knowledge of pesticide toxicity, exposures, and risks. We propose four solutions: (1) End near-sole reliance in regulatory decision-making on industry-supported studies by supporting and relying more heavily on independent science, especially for core toxicology studies. The cost of conducting core toxicology studies at labs not affiliated with or funded directly by pesticide registrants should be covered via fees paid by manufacturers to public agencies. (2) Regulators should place more weight on mechanistic data and low-dose studies within the range of contemporary exposures. (3) Regulators, public health agencies, and funders should increase the share of exposure-assessment resources that produce direct measures of concentrations in bodily fluids and tissues. Human biomonitoring is vital in order to quickly identify rising exposures among vulnerable populations including applicators, pregnant women, and children. (4) Scientific tools across disciplines can accelerate progress in risk assessments if integrated more effectively. New genetic and metabolomic markers of adverse health impacts and heritable epigenetic impacts are emerging and should be included more routinely in risk assessment to effectively prevent disease.
CONCLUSIONS
Preventing adverse public health outcomes triggered or made worse by exposure to pesticides will require changes in policy and risk assessment procedures, more science free of industry influence, and innovative strategies that blend traditional methods with new tools and mechanistic insights.
Identifiants
pubmed: 34340709
doi: 10.1186/s12940-021-00773-4
pii: 10.1186/s12940-021-00773-4
pmc: PMC8330079
doi:
Substances chimiques
Pesticides
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
87Informations de copyright
© 2021. The Author(s).
Références
Lancet Oncol. 2015 May;16(5):490-1
pubmed: 25801782
Chem Res Toxicol. 2019 Jan 22;32(1):67-79
pubmed: 30406643
Food Chem Toxicol. 2021 Jun;152:112188
pubmed: 33836210
Sci Rep. 2021 Apr 28;11(1):9165
pubmed: 33911095
Nat Med. 2014 Apr;20(4):415-8
pubmed: 24608097
J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2006 Mar;16(2):115-24
pubmed: 16175199
Environ Health Perspect. 2017 May 25;125(5):057002
pubmed: 28557711
Cell Metab. 2020 Nov 3;32(5):901
pubmed: 33147487
Am J Ind Med. 2002 Jan;41(1):70-3
pubmed: 11757057
Sci Total Environ. 2021 May 15;769:144113
pubmed: 33486169
Elife. 2020 Nov 19;9:
pubmed: 33210602
Sci Rep. 2017 Jan 09;7:39328
pubmed: 28067231
Toxicol Sci. 2018 Sep 1;165(1):198-212
pubmed: 30007363
Environ Res. 2016 Apr;146:191-9
pubmed: 26775000
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2018 Apr;25(10):9593-9599
pubmed: 29359247
J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2020 Aug;30(8):868-870
pubmed: 32893802
Biomarkers. 2003 Jan-Feb;8(1):1-12
pubmed: 12519632
Front Public Health. 2016 May 11;4:92
pubmed: 27242985
Toxicol Rep. 2017 Dec 19;5:96-107
pubmed: 29854581
Reprod Toxicol. 2007 Jan;23(1):113-8
pubmed: 17011162
Mutat Res Rev Mutat Res. 2019 Jul - Sep;781:186-206
pubmed: 31342895
Environ Mol Mutagen. 2016 May;57(4):243-60
pubmed: 26946220
Environ Health Perspect. 2016 Dec;124(12):1905-1912
pubmed: 27219456
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2015 Jan;22(1):68-102
pubmed: 25223353
Pediatrics. 2015 Oct;136(4):719-29
pubmed: 26371195
Environ Health. 2015 May 15;14:42
pubmed: 25971795
Chemosphere. 2021 Jul;274:129427
pubmed: 33529959
Arch Toxicol. 2018 Feb;92(2):893-906
pubmed: 28965233
Ann Occup Environ Med. 2017 Feb 28;29:5
pubmed: 28265414
Toxicol Sci. 2020 Sep 1;177(1):202-213
pubmed: 32617558
Lancet Neurol. 2014 Mar;13(3):330-8
pubmed: 24556010
Drug Metab Rev. 2000 May;32(2):153-63
pubmed: 10774772
Sci Rep. 2018 Apr 26;8(1):6578
pubmed: 29700420
Science. 2018 Jul 20;361(6399):224-226
pubmed: 30026211
Food Chem Toxicol. 2019 Dec;134:110832
pubmed: 31550491
Front Immunol. 2019 Jul 11;10:1476
pubmed: 31354699
Aging (Albany NY). 2020 Jul 22;12(14):14092-14124
pubmed: 32697766
Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2013 Feb;51(2):111-3
pubmed: 23360343
Toxicol Res (Camb). 2017 Nov 23;7(1):117-126
pubmed: 30090568
Sci Total Environ. 2020 Nov 25;745:141285
pubmed: 32943215
PLoS One. 2020 Aug 11;15(8):e0237400
pubmed: 32780768
Proc Biol Sci. 2017 Dec 20;284(1869):
pubmed: 29263280
Chemosphere. 2016 Jun;153:287-93
pubmed: 27018521
Nat Commun. 2017 Dec 8;8(1):2012
pubmed: 29222412
Br J Pharmacol. 2011 Mar;162(6):1250-8
pubmed: 21091657
Hum Exp Toxicol. 1999 Aug;18(8):479-86
pubmed: 10462359
Environ Health. 2020 Nov 12;19(1):115
pubmed: 33183283
Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020 Mar;18(3):741-743
pubmed: 30954713
Environ Health. 2019 Mar 12;18(1):15
pubmed: 30857531
Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2019 Apr 1;316(4):G462-G472
pubmed: 30653341
Commun Biol. 2021 Apr 14;4(1):471
pubmed: 33854195
JAMA Oncol. 2018 Jan 11;4(1):e173470
pubmed: 29075751
Environ Health Perspect. 2017 Mar;125(3):289-295
pubmed: 27448388
Environ Int. 2016 Mar;88:60-66
pubmed: 26720637
Environ Health Perspect. 2021 May;129(5):57011
pubmed: 34009015
Rev Environ Contam Toxicol. 1992;129:121-39
pubmed: 1410692
Environ Res. 2021 Jun;197:111103
pubmed: 33811865
Pediatrics. 2006 Dec;118(6):e1845-59
pubmed: 17116700
Environ Health Perspect. 2018 Jun 25;126(6):067007
pubmed: 29950287
mSystems. 2020 Sep 29;5(5):
pubmed: 32994289
Science. 2021 Apr 2;372(6537):81-84
pubmed: 33795455
Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2016 Nov;81:288-304
pubmed: 27637788
Sci Total Environ. 2020 Nov 20;744:140591
pubmed: 32721662
Sci Adv. 2020 Apr 15;6(16):eaaz7602
pubmed: 32494621
Environ Sci Eur. 2016;28(1):3
pubmed: 27752438
Crit Rev Toxicol. 2018 Sep;48(8):666-681
pubmed: 30257127
PLoS One. 2019 Dec 3;14(12):e0225129
pubmed: 31794572
Obstet Med. 2016 Sep;9(3):113-6
pubmed: 27630746
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2011 Jun;8(6):2265-303
pubmed: 21776230
Endocr Rev. 2012 Jun;33(3):378-455
pubmed: 22419778
Front Public Health. 2016 Mar 31;4:59
pubmed: 27066473
Environ Health Perspect. 2011 Aug;119(8):1189-95
pubmed: 21507776
Toxicol Res. 2019 Jul;35(3):241-248
pubmed: 31341553
Mod Pathol. 2016 Jun;29(6):546-56
pubmed: 26990976
Sci Total Environ. 2010 Oct 15;408(22):5317-24
pubmed: 20805001
Environ Pollut. 2021 Jan 15;269:116129
pubmed: 33261961
Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2018 Jun 11;2018:9547613
pubmed: 29991976
Environ Res. 2021 Jun;197:111078
pubmed: 33798513
Environ Health Perspect. 2016 Jan;124(1):6-11
pubmed: 26091173
Sci Rep. 2015 Aug 05;5:12886
pubmed: 26243044
Environ Health Perspect. 2011 Aug;119(8):1182-8
pubmed: 21507778
Toxicol Sci. 2020 Jul 1;176(1):86-102
pubmed: 32384157
Commun Biol. 2020 Jun 26;3(1):335
pubmed: 32591582
Environ Health Perspect. 2021 May;129(5):55001
pubmed: 33949891
Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2005 Feb;78(1):44-50
pubmed: 15627216
Neurotoxicology. 2019 Dec;75:1-8
pubmed: 31442459
Nat Med. 2021 Feb;27(2):321-332
pubmed: 33432175
Curr Environ Health Rep. 2020 Mar;7(1):13-29
pubmed: 31960353
Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2020 Oct 9;230:113622
pubmed: 33045523
Toxicol Sci. 2016 Apr;150(2):261-8
pubmed: 26980302
PLoS One. 2013 May 21;8(5):e64433
pubmed: 23704985
J Proteomics. 2009 Aug 20;72(6):952-9
pubmed: 19361584
Nat Commun. 2019 Jul 10;10(1):3041
pubmed: 31292445
Reprod Toxicol. 2011 Jan;31(1):75-9
pubmed: 20850521
BMC Cancer. 2020 Jul 25;20(1):692
pubmed: 32711505
Chem Res Toxicol. 2004 May;17(5):605-12
pubmed: 15144217
Environ Health Perspect. 2018 Jun 28;126(6):067010
pubmed: 29968567
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2013;990:61-86
pubmed: 23378003
Environ Mol Mutagen. 2013 Aug;54(7):558-65
pubmed: 23907991
Lancet. 2011 May 28;377(9780):1817-9
pubmed: 21596428
Toxicol Lett. 2014 Aug 17;229(1):66-72
pubmed: 24910989
Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1970 May 1;107(1):65-8
pubmed: 5462630
Nat Genet. 2018 Sep;50(9):1219-1224
pubmed: 30104762
Hum Mol Genet. 2016 Nov 1;25(21):4611-4623
pubmed: 28158590
Cell. 2000 Jan 7;100(1):57-70
pubmed: 10647931
Ann Occup Hyg. 2004 Nov;48(8):683-95
pubmed: 15516344
Environ Health Perspect. 2010 Dec;118(12):1775-81
pubmed: 21126941
Environ Health. 2018 Mar 9;17(1):23
pubmed: 29519238
Toxicol Sci. 2016 Mar;150(1):190-203
pubmed: 26719371
Environ Health. 2018 May 29;17(1):50
pubmed: 29843725
Pest Manag Sci. 2018 May;74(5):1040-1049
pubmed: 29024306
Sci Transl Med. 2013 Feb 13;5(172):172ra22
pubmed: 23408055
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 May 29;109(22):8364-5
pubmed: 22615369
Toxicol Sci. 2016 May;151(1):88-103
pubmed: 26865669
Am J Epidemiol. 2009 Apr 15;169(8):919-26
pubmed: 19270050
Dose Response. 2018 Sep 13;16(3):1559325818798282
pubmed: 30228814
Environ Health. 2018 May 29;17(1):51
pubmed: 29843729
Lancet Oncol. 2015 Aug;16(8):891-2
pubmed: 26111929
Nature. 2012 Nov 15;491(7424):384-92
pubmed: 23151581
J Midwifery Womens Health. 2006 Jan-Feb;51(1):26-34
pubmed: 16399607
Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2012 Feb;215(2):99-101
pubmed: 21937270
Arch Neurol. 2009 Sep;66(9):1106-13
pubmed: 19752299
Nat Commun. 2019 Aug 20;10(1):3346
pubmed: 31431621
Int J Epidemiol. 2020 Aug 1;49(4):1326-1337
pubmed: 32357211
Toxicol Sci. 2014 Dec;142(2):375-84
pubmed: 25237060
Am J Hum Genet. 2016 Apr 7;98(4):680-96
pubmed: 27040690
Mutat Res. 2005 Jul 4;584(1-2):1-256
pubmed: 15979392
BMJ. 2019 Mar 20;364:l962
pubmed: 30894343
BMC Public Health. 2020 Dec 7;20(1):1875
pubmed: 33287770
Anal Bioanal Chem. 2019 Jan;411(3):669-678
pubmed: 30483854
Int J Epidemiol. 2019 Oct 1;48(5):1519-1535
pubmed: 30880337
Environ Health. 2018 May 29;17(1):52
pubmed: 29843719
JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Jan 1;178(1):26-27
pubmed: 29084335
J Occup Med Toxicol. 2021 Jan 7;16(1):1
pubmed: 33413467
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2018 Aug;25(23):23215-23226
pubmed: 29862481
Ann Work Expo Health. 2018 Nov 12;62(9):1147-1158
pubmed: 30239593
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Mar;112(3):388-91
pubmed: 14998758
Toxicology. 2013 Nov 16;313(2-3):122-8
pubmed: 23000283
Environ Health Perspect. 2011 Jun;119(6):866-72
pubmed: 21269927
Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2016 Dec 1;312:19-25
pubmed: 26826490
PLoS One. 2010 Mar 19;5(3):e9754
pubmed: 20333298
Environ Health Perspect. 2021 Jan;129(1):17005
pubmed: 33502259
Environ Int. 2018 Dec;121(Pt 2):1148-1154
pubmed: 30808487
Food Chem Toxicol. 2019 Jun;128:137-145
pubmed: 30951798
Nature. 2019 Jun;570(7762):462-467
pubmed: 31158845