Patterns of anxiety and distress over 12 months following participation in HPV primary screening.
delivery of health care
primary health care
psychology
public health
women's health services
Journal
Sexually transmitted infections
ISSN: 1472-3263
Titre abrégé: Sex Transm Infect
Pays: England
ID NLM: 9805554
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
06 2022
06 2022
Historique:
received:
09
09
2020
accepted:
29
05
2021
pubmed:
5
8
2021
medline:
20
5
2022
entrez:
4
8
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Many countries are now using primary human papillomavirus (HPV) testing for cervical screening, testing for high-risk HPV and using cytology as triage. An HPV-positive result can have an adverse psychological impact, at least in the short term. In this paper, we explore the psychological impact of primary HPV screening over 12 months. Women were surveyed soon after receiving their results (n=1133) and 6 (n=762) and 12 months (n=537) later. Primary outcomes were anxiety (Short-Form State Anxiety Inventory-6) and distress (General Health Questionnaire-12). Secondary outcomes included concern, worry about cervical cancer and reassurance. Mixed-effects regression models were used to explore differences at each time point and change over time across four groups according to their baseline result: control (HPV negative/HPV cleared/normal cytology and not tested for HPV); HPV positive with normal cytology; HPV positive with abnormal cytology; and HPV persistent (ie, second consecutive HPV-positive result). Women who were HPV positive with abnormal cytology had the highest anxiety scores at baseline (mean=42.2, SD: 15.0), but this had declined by 12 months (mean=37.0, SD: 11.7) and was closer to being within the 'normal' range (scores between 34 and 36 are considered 'normal'). This group also had the highest distress at baseline (mean=3.3, SD: 3.8, scores of 3+ indicate case-level distress), but the lowest distress at 12 months (mean=1.9, SD: 3.1). At 6 and 12 months, there were no between-group differences in anxiety or distress for any HPV-positive result group when compared with the control group. The control group were less concerned and more reassured about their result at 6 and 12 months than the HPV-positive with normal cytology group. Our findings suggest the initial adverse impact of an HPV-positive screening result on anxiety and distress diminishes over time. Specific concerns about the result may be longer lasting and efforts should be made to address them.
Identifiants
pubmed: 34344834
pii: sextrans-2020-054780
doi: 10.1136/sextrans-2020-054780
pmc: PMC9120391
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
255-261Subventions
Organisme : Cancer Research UK
ID : C7492/A17219
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : Cancer Research UK
ID : C49896/A17429
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : Department of Health
ID : DRF‐2017‐10‐105
Pays : United Kingdom
Informations de copyright
© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
Competing interests: None declared.
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