Chemotherapy: a double-edged sword in cancer treatment.
Adaptive Immunity
Antineoplastic Agents
/ administration & dosage
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols
/ adverse effects
Disease Management
Disease Susceptibility
Humans
Immunity, Innate
Inflammation
/ complications
Neoplasms
/ diagnosis
Neovascularization, Pathologic
/ etiology
Recurrence
Tumor Microenvironment
/ drug effects
Cancer
Chemotherapy
Inflammation
Metastasis
Tumor microenvironment
Journal
Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII
ISSN: 1432-0851
Titre abrégé: Cancer Immunol Immunother
Pays: Germany
ID NLM: 8605732
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Mar 2022
Mar 2022
Historique:
received:
31
03
2021
accepted:
07
07
2021
pubmed:
7
8
2021
medline:
1
3
2022
entrez:
6
8
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Chemotherapy is a well-known and effective treatment for different cancers; unfortunately, it has not been as efficient in the eradication of all cancer cells as been expected. The mechanism of this failure was not fully clarified, yet. Meanwhile, alterations in the physiologic conditions of the tumor microenvironment (TME) were suggested as one of the underlying possibilities. Chemotherapy drugs can activate multiple signaling pathways and augment the secretion of inflammatory mediators. Inflammation may show two opposite roles in the TME. On the one hand, inflammation, as an innate immune response, tries to suppress tumor growth but on the other hand, it might be not powerful enough to eradicate the cancer cells and even it can provide appropriate conditions for cancer promotion and relapse as well. Therefore, the administration of mild anti-inflammatory drugs during chemotherapy might result in more successful clinical results. Here, we will review and discuss this hypothesis. Most chemotherapy agents are triggers of inflammation in the tumor microenvironment through inducing the production of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) molecules. Some chemotherapy agents can induce systematic inflammation by provoking TLR4 signaling or triggering IL-1B secretion through the inflammasome pathway. NF-kB and MAPK are key signaling pathways of inflammation and could be activated by several chemotherapy drugs. Furthermore, inflammation can play a key role in cancer development, metastasis and exacerbation.
Identifiants
pubmed: 34355266
doi: 10.1007/s00262-021-03013-3
pii: 10.1007/s00262-021-03013-3
doi:
Substances chimiques
Antineoplastic Agents
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
507-526Subventions
Organisme : Iran University of Medical Sciences
ID : 16572
Commentaires et corrections
Type : ErratumIn
Informations de copyright
© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
Références
You W, Henneberg M (2018) Cancer incidence increasing globally: the role of relaxed natural selection. Evol Appl 11(2):140–152
pubmed: 29387151
Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I (2018) Global Cancer Statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries. CA Cancer J Clin 68(6):394–424
Maimela NR, Liu S, Zhang Y (2018) Fates of CD8+ T cells in Tumor Microenvironment. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 17:1–13
pubmed: 30581539
pmcid: 6297055
Hui L, Chen Y (2015) Tumor microenvironment: sanctuary of the devil. Cancer Lett 368(1):7–13
pubmed: 26276713
Wels J, Kaplan RN, Rafii S, Lyden D (2008) Migratory neighbors and distant invaders: tumor-associated niche cells. Genes Dev 22(5):559–574
pubmed: 18316475
pmcid: 2731657
Galdiero MR, Varricchi G, Loffredo S, Mantovani A, Marone G (2018) Roles of neutrophils in cancer growth and progression. J Leukoc Biol 103(3):457–464
pubmed: 29345348
Grivennikov SI, Greten FR, Karin M (2010) Immunity, inflammation, and cancer. Cell 140(6):883–899
pubmed: 2866629
pmcid: 2866629
Greten FR, Grivennikov SI (2019) Inflammation and cancer: triggers, mechanisms, and consequences. Immunity 51(1):27–41
pubmed: 31315034
pmcid: 6831096
Baskar R, Lee KA, Yeo R, Yeoh K (2012) Cancer and radiation therapy: current advances and future directions. Int J Med Sci 9(3):193–199
Chakraborty C, Sharma AR, Sharma G, Sarkar BK, Lee S-S (2018) The novel strategies for next-generation cancer treatment: miRNA combined with chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of cancer. Oncotarget 9(11):10164–10174
pubmed: 29515800
pmcid: 5839381
DeVita VT, Chu E (2008) A history of cancer chemotherapy. Cancer Res 68(21):8643–8653
pubmed: 18974103
Hoff PM, Ansari R, Batist G, Cox J, Kocha W, Kuperminc M et al (2001) Comparison of oral capecitabine versus intravenous fluorouracil plus leucovorin as first-line treatment in 605 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: results of a randomized phase III study. J Clin Oncol 19(8):2282–2292
pubmed: 11304782
Danhier F, Feron O, Préat V (2010) To exploit the tumor microenvironment: passive and active tumor targeting of nanocarriers for anti-cancer drug delivery. J Control Release 148(2):135–146
pubmed: 20797419
Pérez-Herrero E, Fernández-Medarde A (2015) Advanced targeted therapies in cancer: drug nanocarriers, the future of chemotherapy. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 93(March):52–79
pubmed: 25813885
Sbeity H and Younes R (2015) Review of optimization methods for cancer chemotherapy treatment planning. J Comput Sci Syst Biol 8(2):74–95
Kaufmann SH, Earnshaw WC (2000) Induction of apoptosis by cancer chemotherapy. Exp Cell Res 256(1):42–49
pubmed: 10739650
Mesner PW, Budihardjo II, Kaufmann SH (1997) Chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. Adv Pharmacol 41:461–499
pubmed: 9204156
Feng Z (2010) p53 regulation of the IGF-1/AKT/mTOR pathways and the endosomal compartment. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2(2):a001057
pubmed: 20182617
pmcid: 2828273
Sui X, Chen R, Wang Z, Huang Z, Kong N, Zhang M et al (2013) Autophagy and chemotherapy resistance: a promising therapeutic target for cancer treatment. Cell Death Dis 4(10):e838–e838
pubmed: 24113172
pmcid: 3824660
Gewirtz DA, Holt SE, Elmore LW (2008) Accelerated senescence: an emerging role in tumor cell response to chemotherapy and radiation. Biochem Pharmacol 76(8):947–957
pubmed: 18657518
Woods D, Turchi JJ (2013) Chemotherapy induced DNA damage response. Cancer Biol Ther 14(5):379–389
pubmed: 23380594
pmcid: 3672181
Bagnyukova T, Serebriiskii IG, Zhou Y, Hopper-Borge EA, Golemis EA, Astsaturov I (2010) Chemotherapy and signaling: how can targeted therapies supercharge cytotoxic agents? Cancer Biol Ther 10:839–853
pubmed: 20935499
pmcid: 3012138
Malhotra V, Perry MC (2003) Classical chemotherapy: mechanisms, toxicities and the therapeutic window. Cancer Biol Ther 2(4 Suppl 1):4–6
Pang B, Qiao X, Janssen L, Velds A, Groothuis T, Kerkhoven R et al (2013) Drug-induced histone eviction from open chromatin contributes to the chemotherapeutic effects of doxorubicin. Nat Commun 4:1908
pubmed: 23715267
Xiao M, Cai J, Cai L, Jia J, Xie L, Zhu Y et al (2017) Let-7e sensitizes epithelial ovarian cancer to cisplatin through repressing DNA double strand break repair. J Ovarian Res 10(1):24
pubmed: 28376831
pmcid: 5379542
Demaria M, O’Leary MN, Chang J, Shao L, Liu S, Alimirah F et al (2017) Cellular senescence promotes adverse effects of chemotherapy and cancer relapse. Cancer Discov 7(2):165–176
pubmed: 27979832
Alexandre J, Hu Y, Lu W, Pelicano H, Huang P (2007) Novel action of paclitaxel against cancer cells: bystander effect mediated by reactive oxygen species. Cancer Res 67(8):3512–3517
pubmed: 17440056
Lasry A, Ben-Neriah Y (2015) Senescence-associated inflammatory responses: aging and cancer perspectives. Trends Immunol 36(4):217–228
pubmed: 25801910
Wunderlich R, Ruehle PF, Deloch L, Unger K, Hess J, Zitzelsberger H et al (2017) Interconnection between DNA damage, senescence, inflammation, and cancer. Front Biosci Landmark 22(2):348–369
Muñoz-Espín D, Serrano M (2014) Cellular senescence: from physiology to pathology. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 15(7):482–496
pubmed: 24954210
Sevko A, Sade-Feldman M, Kanterman J, Michels T, Falk CS, Umansky L et al (2013) Cyclophosphamide promotes chronic inflammation-dependent immunosuppression and prevents antitumor response in melanoma. J Invest Dermatol 133(6):1610–1619
pubmed: 23223128
Nafees S, Rashid S, Ali N, Hasan SK, Sultana S (2015) Rutin ameliorates cyclophosphamide induced oxidative stress and inflammation in Wistar rats: role of NFκB/MAPK pathway. Chem Biol Interact 231:98–107
pubmed: 25753322
Edwardson DW, Boudreau J, Mapletoft J, Lanner C, Kovala AT, Parissenti AM (2017) Inflammatory cytokine production in tumor cells upon chemotherapy drug exposure or upon selection for drug resistance. PLoS One 12(9):e0183662 1–32
Volk-Draper L, Hall K, Griggs C, Rajput S, Kohio P, DeNardo D et al (2014) Paclitaxel therapy promotes breast cancer metastasis in a TLR4-dependent manner. Cancer Res 74(19):5421–5434
pubmed: 25274031
pmcid: 4185415
dos Santos GI, Ladislau-Magescky T, Tessarollo NG, dos Santos DZ, Gimba ERP, Sternberg C et al (2018) Chemosensitizing effects of metformin on cisplatin- and paclitaxel-resistant ovarian cancer cell lines. Pharmacol Rep 70(3):409–417
pubmed: 29627688
Pusztai L, Mendoza TR, Reuben JM, Martinez MM, Willey JS, Lara J et al (2004) Changes in plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines in response to paclitaxel chemotherapy. Cytokine 25(3):94–102
pubmed: 14698135
Soheilifar MH, Taheri RA, Emameh RZ, Moshtaghian A, Kooshki H, Motie MR (2018) Molecular landscape in alveolar soft part sarcoma: implications for molecular targeted therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 103:889–896
pubmed: 29710505
Wang L, Chen Q, Qi H, Wang C, Wang C, Zhang J et al (2016) Doxorubicin-induced systemic Inflammation is driven by upregulation of Toll-like receptor TLR4 and endotoxin leakage. Cancer Res 76(22):6631–6642
pubmed: 27680684
Nasri F, Sadeghi F, Behranvand N, Samei A, Bolouri MR, Azari T et al (2020) Oridonin could inhibit inflammation and T-cell immunoglobulin and Mucin-3/Galectin-9 (TIM-3/Gal-9) autocrine loop in the acute myeloid leukemia cell line (U937) as compared to doxorubicin. Iran J Allergy, Asthma Immunol 19(6):602–611
Sauter KAD, Wood LJ, Wong J, Iordanov M, Magun BE (2011) Doxorubicin and daunorubicin induce processing and release of interleukin-1β through activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Cancer Biol Ther 11(12):1008–1016
pubmed: 21464611
pmcid: 3142364
Wang S, Kotamraju S, Konorev E, Kalivendi S, Joseph J, Kalyanaraman B (2002) Activation of nuclear factor kappaB during doxorubicin-induced apoptosis in endothelial cells and myocytes is pro-apoptotic: the role of hydrogen peroxide. Biochem J 367(pt3):729–740
pubmed: 12139490
pmcid: 1222928
Notarbartolo M, Poma P, Perri D, Dusonchet L, Cervello M, D’Alessandro N (2005) Antitumor effects of curcumin, alone or in combination with cisplatin or doxorubicin, on human hepatic cancer cells. Analysis of their possible relationship to changes in NF-kB activation levels and in IAP gene expression. Cancer Lett 224(1):53–65
pubmed: 15911101
Arjumand W, Seth A, Sultana S (2011) Rutin attenuates cisplatin induced renal inflammation and apoptosis by reducing NFκB, TNF-α and caspase-3 expression in wistar rats. Food Chem Toxicol 49(9):2013–2021
pubmed: 21605616
Elsea CR, Roberts DA, Druker BJ, Wood LJ (2008) Inhibition of p38 MAPK suppresses inflammatory cytokine induction by etoposide, 5-fluorouracil, and doxorubicin without affecting tumoricidal activity. PLoS One 3(6):e2355
pubmed: 18523641
pmcid: 2396285
Kondylis V, Kumari S, Vlantis K, Pasparakis M (2017) The interplay of IKK, NF-κB and RIPK1 signaling in the regulation of cell death, tissue homeostasis and inflammation. Immunol Rev 277(1):113–127
pubmed: 28462531
Reuter S, Gupta SC, Chaturvedi MM, Aggarwal BB (2010) Oxidative stress, inflammation, and cancer: how are they linked? Free Radic Biol Med 49(11):1603–1616
pubmed: 20840865
pmcid: 2990475
Medzhitov R (2008) Origin and physiological roles of inflammation. Nature 454(7203):428–435
pubmed: 18650913
Medzhitov R (2010) Inflammation 2010: new adventures of an old flame. Cell 140(6):771–776
pubmed: 20303867
pmcid: 20303867
Crusz SM, Balkwill FR (2015) Inflammation and cancer: advances and new agents. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 12(10):584–596
pubmed: 26122183
Balkwill F, Mantovani A (2001) Inflammation and cancer: back to Virchow? Lancet 357(9255):539–545
pubmed: 11229684
pmcid: 11229684
Jahangiri A, Dadmanesh M, Ghorban K (2020) STAT3 inhibition reduced PD‐L1 expression and enhanced antitumor immune responses. J Cell Physiol 235(12):9457–9463
pubmed: 32401358
Munkholm P (2003) Review article: the incidence and prevalence of colorectal cancer in inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 18(s2):1–5
pubmed: 12950413
Terzić J, Grivennikov S, Karin E, Karin M (2010) Inflammation and colon cancer. Gastroenterology 138(6):2101–2114
pubmed: 20420949
Itzkowitz SH, Yio X (2004) Inflammation and cancer iv. Colorectal cancer in inflammatory bowel disease: the role of inflammation. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 287(1):G7–17
pubmed: 15194558
Yao H, Rahman I (2009) Current concepts on the role of inflammation in COPD and lung cancer. Curr Opin Pharmacol 9(4):375–383
pubmed: 19615942
pmcid: 2730975
Chang SH, Mirabolfathinejad SG, Katta H, Cumpian AM, Gong L, Caetano MS et al (2014) T helper 17 cells play a critical pathogenic role in lung cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci 111(15):5664–5669
pubmed: 24706787
pmcid: 3992670
Houghton AM (2013) Mechanistic links between COPD and lung cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 13(4):233–245
pubmed: 23467302
Zaynagetdinov R, Sherrill TP, Gleaves LA, Hunt P, Han W, McLoed AG et al (2016) Chronic NF-κB activation links COPD and lung cancer through generation of an immunosuppressive microenvironment in the lungs. Oncotarget 7(5):5470–5482
pubmed: 26756215
Celli BR (2012) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer: common pathogenesis, shared clinical challenges. Proc Am Thorac Soc 9(2):74–79
pubmed: 22550249
Durham AL, Adcock IM (2015) The relationship between COPD and lung cancer. Lung Cancer 90(2):121–127
pubmed: 26363803
Azad N, Rojanasakul Y, Vallyathan V (2008) Inflammation and lung cancer: roles of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species. J Toxicol Environ Heal Part B Crit Rev 11(1):1–15
O’Riordan JM, Abdel-Latif MM, Ravi N, McNamara D, Byrne PJ, McDonald GSA et al (2005) Proinflammatory cytokine and nuclear factor kappa-B expression along the inflammation-metaplasia-dysplasia-adenocarcinoma sequence in the esophagus. Am J Gastroenterol 100(6):1257–1264
pubmed: 15929754
Rieder F, Biancani P, Harnett K, Yerian L, Falk GW (2010) Inflammatory mediators in gastroesophageal reflux disease : impact on esophageal motility, fibrosis, and carcinogenesis. Am J physiol gastrointest Liver Physiol 298:571–581
Farhadi A, Fields J, Banan A, Keshavarzian A (2002) Reactive oxygen species: are they involved in the pathogenesis of GERD, Barrett’s esophagus, and the latter’s progression toward esophageal cancer? Am J Gastroenterol 97(1):22–26
pubmed: 11808965
Bishayee A (2014) The Inflammation and Liver Cancer. Adv Exp Med Biol 816:401–435
pubmed: 24818732
Berasain C, Castillo J, Perugorria MJ, Latasa MU, Prieto J, Avila MA (2009) Inflammation and liver cancer: new molecular links. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1155:206–221
pubmed: 19250206
Dadmanesh M, Ranjbar MM, Ghorban K (2019) Inflammasomes and their roles in the pathogenesis of viral hepatitis and their related complications: an updated systematic review. Immunol Lett 208:11–18
pubmed: 30831142
pmcid: 7112799
Hao F, Cubero FJ, Ramadori P, Liao L, Haas U, Lambertz D et al (2017) Inhibition of Caspase-8 does not protect from alcohol-induced liver apoptosis but alleviates alcoholic hepatic steatosis in mice. Cell Death Dis 8(10):e3152
pubmed: 29072704
pmcid: 5680911
Nakamoto Y, Kaneko S (2003) Mechanisms of viral hepatitis induced liver injury. Curr Mol Med 3(6):537–544
pubmed: 14527085
Pellicoro A, Ramachandran P, Iredale JP, Fallowfield JA (2014) Liver fibrosis and repair: immune regulation of wound healing in a solid organ. Nat Rev Immunol 14(3):181–194
pubmed: 24566915
He G, Karin M (2011) NF-κB and STAT3- key players in liver inflammation and cancer. Cell Res 21(1):159–168
pubmed: 21187858
Takeda H, Takai A, Inuzuka T, Marusawa H (2017) Genetic basis of hepatitis virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma: linkage between infection, inflammation, and tumorigenesis. J Gastroenterol 52(1):26–38
pubmed: 27714455
Rajput S, Wilber A (2010) Roles of inflammation in cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis. Front Biosci (Schol Ed) 2:175–183
Gregory AD, Houghton AM (2011) Tumor-associated neutrophils: new targets for cancer therapy. Cancer Res 71(7):2411–2416
pubmed: 21427354
Lin W, Karin M (2007) A cytokine-mediated link between innate immunity, inflammation, and cancer. J Clin Invest 117(5): 1175–1183
pubmed: 17476347
pmcid: 1857251
Apte RN, Dotan S, Elkabets M, White MR, Reich E, Carmi Y et al (2006) The involvement of IL-1 in tumorigenesis, tumor invasiveness, metastasis and tumor-host interactions. Cancer Metastasis Rev 25(3):387–408
pubmed: 17043764
Momeni M, Ghorban K, Dadmanesh M, Khodadadi H, Bidaki R, Kazemi Arababadi M et al (2016) ASC provides a potential link between depression and inflammatory disorders: a clinical study of depressed Iranian medical students. Nord J Psychiatry 70(4):280–284
pubmed: 26750863
Saghafi T, Taheri RA, Parkkila S, Zolfaghari ER (2019) Phytochemicals as modulators of long non-coding RNAs and inhibitors of cancer-related carbonic anhydrases. Int J Mol Sci 20(12):2939
pmcid: 6627131
Wang DJ, Ratnam NM, Byrd JC, Guttridge DC (2014) NF-κB functions in tumor initiation by suppressing the surveillance of both innate and adaptive immune cells. Cell Rep 9(1):90–103
pubmed: 25263557
pmcid: 4882153
Yu H, Lee H, Herrmann A, Buettner R, Jove R (2014) Revisiting STAT3 signalling in cancer: new and unexpected biological functions. Nat Rev Cancer 14(11):736–746
Zuazo-Gaztelu I, Casanovas O (2018) Unraveling the role of angiogenesis in cancer ecosystems. Frontiers in Oncology. Frontiers Media S.A. 8: 248
Liao D, Johnson RS (2007) Hypoxia: a key regulator of angiogenesis in cancer. Cancer Metastasis Rev 26(2):281–290
pubmed: 17603752
Perillo B, Di Donato M, Pezone A, Di Zazzo E, Giovannelli P, Galasso G et al (2020) ROS in cancer therapy: the bright side of the moon. Exp Mol Med 52(2):192–203
pubmed: 32060354
pmcid: 7062874
Pawlus MR, Wang L, Hu CJ (2014) STAT3 and HIF1α cooperatively activate HIF1 target genes in MDA-MB-231 and RCC4 cells. Oncogene 33(13):1670–1679
pubmed: 23604114
Sun HL, Liu YN, Huang YT, Pan SL, Huang DY, Guh JH et al (2007) YC-1 inhibits HIF-1 expression in prostate cancer cells: contribution of Akt/NF-κB signaling to HIF-1α accumulation during hypoxia. Oncogene 26(27):3941–3951
pubmed: 17213816
Jung YJ, Isaacs JS, Lee S, Trepel J, Neckers L (2003) IL-1beta-mediated up-regulation of HIF-1alpha via an NFkappaB/COX-2 pathway identifies HIF-1 as a critical link between inflammation and oncogenesis. FASEB J 17(14):2115–2117
pubmed: 12958148
Jing Y, Ma N, Fan T, Wang C, Bu X, Jiang G et al (2011) Tumor necrosis factor-alpha promotes tumor growth by inducing vascular endothelial growth factor. Cancer Invest 29(7):485–493
pubmed: 21740086
Han J, Xi Q, Meng Q, Liu J, Zhang Y, Han Y et al (2016) Interleukin-6 promotes tumor progression in colitis-associated colorectal cancer through HIF-1α regulation. Oncol Lett 12(6):4665–4670
pubmed: 28105173
pmcid: 5228480
Calviello G, Di Nicuolo F, Gragnoli S, Piccioni E, Serini S, Maggiano N et al (2004) n-3 PUFAs reduce VEGF expression in human colon cancer cells modulating the COX-2/PGE 2 induced ERK-1 and -2 and HIF-1α induction pathway. Carcinogenesis 25(12):2303–2310
pubmed: 15358633
Houghton AMG (2010) The paradox of tumor-associated neutrophils: fueling tumor growth with cytotoxic substances. Cell Cycle 9(9):1732–1737
pubmed: 20404546
Yoshida S, Ono M, Shono T, Izumi H, Ishibashi T, Suzuki H et al (1997) Involvement of interleukin-8, vascular endothelial growth factor, and basic fibroblast growth factor in tumor necrosis factor alpha-dependent angiogenesis. Mol Cell Biol 17(7):4015–4023
pubmed: 9199336
pmcid: 232254
Aggarwal BB, Shishodia S, Sandur SK, Pandey MK, Sethi G (2006) Inflammation and cancer: how hot is the link? Biochem Pharmacol 72(11):1605–1621
pubmed: 16889756
pmcid: 16889756
Voronov E, Carmi Y, Apte RN (2014) The role IL-1 in tumor-mediated angiogenesis. Front Physiol 28(5):114
Lee H, Jeong AJ, Ye SK (2019) Highlighted STAT3 as a potential drug target for cancer therapy. BMB Rep 52(7):415–423
pubmed: 31186087
pmcid: 6675244
Xia Y, Shen S, Verma IM (2019) NF-κB, an active player in human cancers. Cancer Immunol Res 2(9):823–830
Chaffer CL, Weinberg RA (2011) A perspective on cancer cell metastasis. Science 331(6024):1559–1564
pubmed: 21436443
Pastushenko I, Blanpain C (2019) EMT Transition states during tumor progression and metastasis. Trends Cell Biol 29(3): 212–226
pubmed: 30594349
Galdiero MR, Garlanda C, Jaillon S, Marone G, Mantovani A (2013) Tumor associated macrophages and neutrophils in tumor progression. J Cell Physiol 228(7):1404–1412
pubmed: 23065796
De Larco JE, Wuertz BRK, Furcht LT, De LJE (2004) The potential role of neutrophils in promoting the metastatic phenotype of tumors releasing interleukin-8. Clin Cancer Res 10(612):4895–4900
pubmed: 15297389
Kargl J, Gregory A, Yang HY, Busch S, Metz H, Houghton AM (2016) Abstract C15: Neutrophil elastase (NE) induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) via upregulation of inhibitor of DNA binding 1 (ID1). Cancer Res 76(15 Supplement):C15–C15
Liang W, Ferrara N (2016) The complex role of neutrophils in tumor angiogenesis and metastasis. Cancer Immunol Res 4(2):83–91
pubmed: 26839309
Qian B-Z, Zhang H, Li J, He T, Yeo E-J, Soong DYH et al (2015) FLT1 signaling in metastasis-associated macrophages activates an inflammatory signature that promotes breast cancer metastasis. J Exp Med 212(9):1433–1448
pubmed: 26261265
pmcid: 4548055
McDowell SAC, Quail DF (2019) Immunological regulation of vascular inflammation during cancer metastasis. Front Immunol 10:1984
pubmed: 31497019
pmcid: 6712555
Yu L, Mu Y, Sa N, Wang H, Xu W (2014) Tumor necrosis factor α induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition and promotes metastasis via NF-κB signaling pathway-mediated TWIST expression in hypopharyngeal cancer. Oncol Rep 31(1):321–327
pubmed: 24220622
Wang S, Yan Y, Cheng Z, Hu Y, Liu T (2018) Sotetsuflavone suppresses invasion and metastasis in non-small-cell lung cancer A549 cells by reversing EMT via the TNF-α/NF-κB and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Cell Death Discov 4(1):1–11
Liu S, Shi L, Wang Y, Ye D, Ju H, Ma H et al (2018) Stabilization of slug by NF-κB is essential for TNF-α -induced migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells. Cell Physiol Biochem 47(2):567–578
pubmed: 29794474
Buhrmann C, Yazdi M, Popper B, Kunnumakkara AB, Aggarwal BB, Shakibaei M (2019) Induction of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of human colorectal cancer by human TNF-β (Lymphotoxin) and its reversal by resveratrol. Nutrients 11(3):704
pmcid: 6471988
Zakaria N, Yusoff NM, Zakaria Z, Widera D, Yahaya BH (2018) Inhibition of NF-κB signaling reduces the stemness characteristics of lung cancer stem cells. Front Oncol 8(MAY):166
pubmed: 29868483
pmcid: 5966538
Ottewell P, Lefley D, Freeman K, Gregory W, Hanby A, Spicer-Hadlington A et al (2019) Breast cancer cellderived IL-1B drives metastasis and colonisation of the bone microenvironment. Cancer Research P1-05-01
Grimes BS, Walser TC, Li R, Jirg Z, Tran L, Dubinett SM (2016) Overexpression of Slug drives malignant phenotypes in models of lung premalignancy and cancer. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 193:A3127
Li T, Zhu J, Zuo S, Chen S, Ma J, Ma Y et al (2019) 1,25(OH)2D3 attenuates IL-1b-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition through inhibiting the expression of LNcTCF7. Oncol Res 27(7):739–750
pubmed: 30180922
pmcid: 7848270
Su B, Luo T, Zhu J, Fu J, Zhao X, Chen L et al (2015) Interleukin-1β/Iinterleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 inflammatory signaling contributes to persistent Gankyrin activation during hepatocarcinogenesis. Hepatology 61(2):585–597
pubmed: 25294684
Goulet CR, Champagne A, Bernard G, Vandal D, Chabaud S, Pouliot F et al (2019) Cancer-associated fibroblasts induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition of bladder cancer cells through paracrine IL-6 signalling. BMC Cancer 19(1):137
pubmed: 30744595
pmcid: 6371428
Wang L, Cao L, Wang H, Liu B, Zhang Q, Meng Z et al (2017) Cancer-associated fibroblasts enhance metastatic potential of lung cancer cells through IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway. Oncotarget 8(44):76116–76128
pubmed: 29100297
pmcid: 5652691
Wu X, Tao P, Zhou Q, Li J, Yu Z, Wang X et al (2017) IL-6 secreted by cancer-associated fibroblasts promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis of gastric cancer via JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Oncotarget 8(13):20741–20750
pubmed: 28186964
pmcid: 5400541
Zhang X, Hu F, Li G, Li G, Yang X, Liu L et al (2018) Human colorectal cancer-derived mesenchymal stem cells promote colorectal cancer progression through IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling. Cell Death Dis 9(2):1–13
Weng YS, Tseng HY, Chen YA, Shen PC, Al Haq AT, Chen LM et al (2019) MCT-1/miR-34a/IL-6/IL-6R signaling axis promotes EMT progression, cancer stemness and M2 macrophage polarization in triple-negative breast cancer. Mol Cancer 18(1):42
pubmed: 30885232
pmcid: 6421700
Hamada S, Masamune A, Yoshida N, Takikawa T, Shimosegawa T (2016) IL-6/STAT3 plays a regulatory role in the interaction between pancreatic stellate cells and cancer cells. Dig Dis Sci 61(6):1561–1571
pubmed: 26738736
Kamran MZ, Patil P, Gude RP (2013) Role of STAT3 in cancer metastasis and translational advances. Biomed Res Int 2013:421821
pubmed: 3807846
pmcid: 3807846
Reczek CR, Chandel NS (2017) The two faces of reactive oxygen species in cancer. Annu Rev Cancer Biol 1(1):79–98
Madrigal-Martínez A, Constâncio V, Lucio-Cazaña FJ, Fernández-Martínez AB (2019) PROSTAGLANDIN E 2 stimulates cancer-related phenotypes in prostate cancer PC3 cells through cyclooxygenase-2. J Cell Physiol 234(5):7548–7559
pubmed: 30367494
Lau YTK, Ramaiyer M, Johnson DE, Grandis JR (2019) Targeting STAT3 in cancer with nucleotide therapeutics. Cancers (Basel) 11(11):1681
Owen KL, Brockwell NK, Parker BS (2019) Jak-stat signaling: a double-edged sword of immune regulation and cancer progression. Cancers (Basel) 11(12):2002
Furtek SL, Backos DS, Matheson CJ, Reigan P (2016) Strategies and approaches of targeting STAT3 for cancer treatment. ACS Chem Biol 11 (2):308–318
pubmed: 26730496
Zhou C, Ma J, Su M, Shao D, Zhao J, Zhao T et al (2018) Down-regulation of STAT3 induces the apoptosis and G1 cell cycle arrest in esophageal carcinoma ECA109 cells. Cancer Cell Int 18(1):1–12
Cao YY, Yu J, Liu TT, Yang KX, Yang LY, Chen Q et al (2018) Plumbagin inhibits the proliferation and survival of esophageal cancer cells by blocking STAT3-PLK1-AKT signaling article. Cell Death Dis 9(2):1–13
Zhou W, Chen MK, Yu HT, Zhong ZH, Cai N, Chen GZ et al (2016) The antipsychotic drug pimozide inhibits cell growth in prostate cancer through suppression of STAT3 activation. Int J Oncol 48(1):322–328
pubmed: 26549437
Shou J, You L, Yao J, Xie J, Jing J, Jing Z et al (2016) Cyclosporine A sensitizes human non-small cell lung cancer cells to gefitinib through inhibition of STAT3. Cancer Lett 379(1):124–133
pubmed: 27264264
Mao Z, Shen X, Dong P, Liu G, Pan S, Sun X et al (2019) Fucosterol exerts antiproliferative effects on human lung cancer cells by inducing apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and targeting of Raf/MEK/ERK signalling pathway. Phytomedicine 61(218):975–981
Tajmohammadi I, Mohammadian J, Sabzichi M, Mahmuodi S, Ramezani M, Aghajani M et al (2019) Identification of Nrf2/STAT3 axis in induction of apoptosis through sub-G 1 cell cycle arrest mechanism in HT-29 colon cancer cells. J Cell Biochem 120(8):14035–14043
pubmed: 30993753
Ma Z, Bao X, Gu J (2019) Furowanin A-induced autophagy alleviates apoptosis and promotes cell cycle arrest via inactivation STAT3/Mcl-1 axis in colorectal cancer. Life Sci 218:47–57
pubmed: 30562490
Li L, Han L, Sun F, Zhou J, Ohaegbulam KC, Tang X et al (2018) NF-κB RelA renders tumor-associated macrophages resistant to and capable of directly suppressing CD8+ T cells for tumor promotion. Oncoimmunology 7(6):e1435250
pubmed: 29872577
pmcid: 5980414
Wang D, DuBois RN (2016) The Role of Prostaglandin E2 in Tumor-Associated Immunosuppression. Trends in Molecular Medicine 22(1):1–3
pubmed: 26711015
Ke J, Yang Y, Che Q, Jiang F, Wang H, Chen Z et al (2016) Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) promotes proliferation and invasion by enhancing SUMO-1 activity via EP4 receptor in endometrial cancer. Tumor Biol 37(9):12203–12211
Wherry EJ, Kurachi M (2015) Molecular and cellular insights into T cell exhaustion. Nat Rev Immunol 15(8):486–499
pubmed: 26205583
pmcid: 4889009
Gassner FJ, Zaborsky N, Neureiter D, Huemer M, Melchardt T, Egle A et al (2014) Chemotherapy induced augmentation of T cells expressing inhibitory receptors is reversed by treatment with lenalidomide in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Haematol 99(5):67–69
Peitzsch C, Tyutyunnykova A, Pantel K, Dubrovska A (2017) Cancer stem cells: the root of tumor recurrence and metastases. Semin Cancer Biol 44:10–24
pubmed: 28257956
pmcid: 28257956
Yu Y, Ramena G, Elble RC (2012) The role of cancer stem cells in relapse of solid tumors. Front Biosci (Elite Ed) 4:1528–1541
Mansoori B, Mohammadi A, Davudian S, Shirjang S, Baradaran B (2017) The different mechanisms of cancer drug resistance: a brief review. Adv Pharm Bull 7(3):339–348
pubmed: 29071215
pmcid: 5651054
Dean M, Fojo T, Bates S (2005) Tumour stem cells and drug resistance. Nat Rev Cancer 5:275–284
pubmed: 15803154
Phi LTH, Sari IN, Yang YG, Lee SH, Jun N, Kim KS et al (2018) Cancer stem cells (CSCs) in drug resistance and their therapeutic implications in cancer treatment. Stem Cells Int 2018:5416923
pubmed: 29681949
pmcid: 5850899
Shigdar S, Li Y, Bhattacharya S, O’Connor M, Pu C, Lin J et al (2014) Inflammation and cancer stem cells. Cancer Lett 345(2):271–278
pubmed: 23941828
Capece D, Verzella D, Tessitore A, Alesse E, Capalbo C, Zazzeroni F (2018) Cancer secretome and inflammation: The bright and the dark sides of NF-κB. Semin Cell Dev Biol 78:51–61
pubmed: 28779979
Hoesel B, Schmid JA (2013) The complexity of NF-κB signaling in inflammation and cancer. Mol Cancer 12(1):86
pubmed: 23915189
pmcid: 23915189
Xiong A, Yang Z, Shen Y, Zhou J, Shen Q (2014) Transcription factor STAT3 as a novel molecular target for cancer prevention. Cancers (Bazel) 6(2):926–957
Wang Y, Shen Y, Wang S, Shen Q, Zhou X (2018) The role of STAT3 in leading the crosstalk between human cancers and the immune system. Cancer Lett 415:117–128
pubmed: 29222039
Taniguchi K, Karin M (2018) NF-B, inflammation, immunity and cancer: Coming of age. Nat Rev Immunol 18:309–324
pubmed: 29379212
Snouwaert JN, Jania L, Nguyen M, Dontu P, Besse J, Akla B et al (2019) Prostaglandin E2 produced by tumor cells or by the host tumor microenvironment is not completely abolished by aspirin or celecoxib and limits the ability of the host immune system to control tumor growth. Cancer Res 79 (13 Supplement):503
Srivastava MK, Sinha P, Clements VK, Rodriguez P, Ostrand-Rosenberg S (2010) Myeloid-derived suppressor cells inhibit T-cell activation by depleting cystine and cysteine. Cancer Res 70(1):68–77
pubmed: 20028852
Rodriguez PC, Quiceno DG, Zabaleta J, Ortiz B, Zea AH, Piazuelo MB et al (2004) Arginase I production in the tumor microenvironment by mature myeloid cells inhibits T-cell receptor expression and antigen-specific T-cell responses. Cancer Res 64(16):5839–5849
pubmed: 15313928
Ezernitchi AV, Vaknin I, Cohen-Daniel L, Levy O, Manaster E, Halabi A et al (2006) TCR ζ down-regulation under chronic inflammation is mediated by myeloid suppressor cells differentially distributed between various lymphatic organs. J Immunol 177(7):4763–4772
pubmed: 16982917
Nagaraj S, Schrum AG, Cho H-I, Celis E, Gabrilovich DI (2010) Mechanism of T cell tolerance induced by myeloid-derived suppressor cells. J Immunol 184(6):3106–3116
pubmed: 20142361
Mazzoni A, Bronte V, Visintin A, Spitzer JH, Apolloni E, Serafini P et al (2002) Myeloid suppressor lines inhibit T cell responses by an NO-dependent mechanism. J Immunol 168(2):689–695
pubmed: 11777962
Hanson EM, Clements VK, Sinha P, Ilkovitch D, Ostrand-Rosenberg S (2009) Myeloid-derived suppressor cells down-regulate L-selectin expression on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. J Immunol 183(2):937–944
pubmed: 19553533
Molon B, Ugel S, Del Pozzo F, Soldani C, Zilio S, Avella D et al (2011) Chemokine nitration prevents intratumoral infiltration of antigen-specific T cells. J Exp Med 208(10):1949–1962
pubmed: 21930770
pmcid: 3182051
Huang B, Pan P-Y, Li Q, Sato AI, Levy DE, Bromberg J et al (2006) Gr-1+ CD115+ immature myeloid suppressor cells mediate the development of tumor-induced T regulatory cells and T-cell anergy in tumor-bearing host. Cancer Res 66(2):1123–1131
pubmed: 16424049
Pan P-Y, Ma G, Weber KJ, Ozao-Choy J, Wang G, Yin B et al (2010) Immune stimulatory receptor CD40 is required for T-cell suppression and T regulatory cell activation mediated by myeloid-derived suppressor cells in cancer. Cancer Res 70(1):99–108
pubmed: 19996287
Serafini P, Mgebroff S, Noonan K, Borrello I (2008) Myeloid-derived suppressor cells promote cross-tolerance in B-cell lymphoma by expanding regulatory T cells. Cancer Res 68(13):5439–5449
pubmed: 18593947
pmcid: 2887390
Ostrand-Rosenberg S, Sinha P, Beury DW, Clements VK (2012) Cross-talk between myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), macrophages, and dendritic cells enhances tumor-induced immune suppression. Semin cancer boil 22(4):275–281
Narendra BL, Reddy KE, Shantikumar S, Ramakrishna S (2013) Immune system: a double-edged sword in cancer. Inflamm Res 62(9):823–834
Shalapour S, Font-Burgada J, Di Caro G, Zhong Z, Sanchez-Lopez E, Dhar D et al (2015) Immunosuppressive plasma cells impede T-cell-dependent immunogenic chemotherapy. Nature 521(7550):94–98
pubmed: 25924065
pmcid: 4501632
Liu Z, Fu YX (2020) Chemotherapy induces cancer-fighting B cells. Cell 180(6):1037–1039
pubmed: 32142652
Bracci L, Schiavoni G, Sistigu A, Belardelli F (2014) Immune-based mechanisms of cytotoxic chemotherapy: implications for the design of novel and rationale-based combined treatments against cancer. Cell Death Differ 21(1):15–25
pubmed: 23787994
Wijayahadi N, Haron MR, Stanslas J, Yusuf Z (2007) Changes in cellular immunity during chemotherapy for primary breast cancer with anthracycline regimens. J Chemother 19(6):716–723
pubmed: 18230556
Nowak AK, Robinson BWS, Lake RA (2002) Gemcitabine exerts a selective effect on the humoral immune response: implications for combination chemo-immunotherapy. Cancer Res 62(8):2353–2358
pubmed: 11956096
Emens LA, Middleton G (2015) The interplay of immunotherapy and chemotherapy: harnessing potential synergies. Cancer Immunol Res 3:436–443
pubmed: 25941355
pmcid: 5012642
Opzoomer JW, Sosnowska D, Anstee JE, Spicer JF, Arnold JN (2019) Cytotoxic chemotherapy as an immune stimulus: A molecular perspective on turning up the immunological heat on cancer. Front Immunol 10:1654
pubmed: 31379850
pmcid: 6652267
Huang XM, Zhang NR, Lin XT, Zhu CY, Zou YF, Wu XJ et al (2020) Antitumor immunity of low-dose cyclophosphamide: changes in T cells and cytokines TGF-beta and IL-10 in mice with colon-cancer liver metastasis. Gastroenterol Rep 8(1):56–65
Motoyoshi Y, Kaminoda K, Saitoh O, Hamasaki K, Nakao K, Ishii N et al (2006) Different mechanisms for anti-tumor effects of low- and high-dose cyclophosphamide. Oncol Rep 16(1):141–146
pubmed: 16786137
Bryniarski K, Szczepanik M, Ptak M, Zemelka M, Ptak W (2009) Influence of cyclophosphamide and its metabolic products on the activity of peritoneal macrophages in mice. Pharmacol Rep 61(3):550–557
pubmed: 19605955
Pellicciotta I, Yang C-PH, Goldberg GL, Shahabi S (2011) Epothilone B enhances Class I HLA and HLA-A2 surface molecule expression in ovarian cancer cells. Gynecol Oncol 122(3):625–631
pubmed: 21621254
Apetoh L, Ladoire S, Coukos G, Ghiringhelli F (2015) Combining immunotherapy and anticancer agents: the right path to achieve cancer cure? Ann Oncol 26(9):1813–1823
pubmed: 25922066
Zitvogel L, Apetoh L, Ghiringhelli F, Kroemer G (2008) Immunological aspects of cancer chemotherapy. Nat Rev Immunol 8(1):59–73
pubmed: 18097448
Fucikova J, Kepp O, Kasikova L, Petroni G, Yamazaki T, Liu P et al (2020) Detection of immunogenic cell death and its relevance for cancer therapy. Cell Death Dis 11:1–13
Wang YJ, Fletcher R, Yu J, Zhang L (2018) Immunogenic effects of chemotherapy-induced tumor cell death. Genes Dis 5(3):194–203
pubmed: 30320184
pmcid: 6176216
Ocadlikova D, Lecciso M, Isidori A, Loscocco F, Visani G, Amadori S et al (2019) Chemotherapy-induced tumor cell death at the crossroads between immunogenicity and immunotolerance: focus on acute myeloid leukemia. Front Oncol 9:1004
pubmed: 31649875
pmcid: 6794495
Galluzzi L, Buqué A, Kepp O, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G (2015) Immunological effects of conventional chemotherapy and targeted anticancer agents. Cancer Cell 28(6):690–714
pubmed: 26678337
Bailly C, Thuru X, Quensnel B (2020) Combined cytotoxic chemotherapy and immunotherapy of cancer: modern times. NAR Cancer 2(1):zcaa002
pubmed: 34316682
pmcid: 8209987
Thorn CF, Oshiro C, Marsh S, Hernandez-Boussard T, McLeod H, Klein TE et al (2011) Doxorubicin pathways: Pharmacodynamics and adverse effects. Pharmacogenet Gen 21(7):440–446
Hu X, Zhang H (2019) Doxorubicin-induced cancer cell senescence shows a time delay effect and is inhibited by epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Med Sci Monit 25:3617–3623
pubmed: 31092810
pmcid: 6536035
Wong J, Smith LB, Magun EA, Engstrom T, Kelley-Howard K, Jandhyala DM et al (2013) Small molecule kinase inhibitors block the ZAK-dependent inflammatory effects of Doxorubicin. Cancer Biol Ther 14(1):56–63
pubmed: 23114643
pmcid: 3566053
Guo R, Wu K, Chen J, Mo L, Hua X, Zheng D et al (2013) Exogenous hydrogen sulfide protects against doxorubicin-induced inflammation and cytotoxicity by inhibiting p38MAPK/NFκB pathway in H9c2 cardiac cells. Cell Physiol Biochem 32(6):1668–1680
pubmed: 24356372
Dasari S, Tchounwou PB (2014) Cisplatin in cancer therapy: molecular mechanisms of action. Eur J Pharmacol 740:364–378
pubmed: 25058905
pmcid: 4146684
Manohar S, Leung N (2017) Cisplatin nephrotoxicity : a review of the literature. J Nephrol 31(1):15–25
pubmed: 28382507
Ibrahim A, Al-Hizab FA, Abushouk AI, Abdel-Daim MM (2018) Nephroprotective effects of benzyl isothiocyanate and resveratrol against cisplatin-induced oxidative stress and inflammation. Front Pharmacol 9:1268
pubmed: 30524274
pmcid: 6258716
Huang YC, Tsai MS, Hsieh PC, Shih JH, Wang TS, Wang YC et al (2017) Galangin ameliorates cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity by attenuating oxidative stress, inflammation and cell death in mice through inhibition of ERK and NF-kappaB signaling. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 329:128–139
pubmed: 28558962
Humanes B, Camaño S, Lara JM, Sabbisetti V, González-Nicolás MÁ, Bonventre JV et al (2017) Cisplatininduced renal inflammation is ameliorated by cilastatin nephroprotection. Nephrol Dial Transplant 32(10):1645–1655
pubmed: 28340076
pmcid: 6251639
Weaver BA (2014) How Taxol/paclitaxel kills cancer cells. Mol Biol Cell 25(18):2677–2681
pubmed: 4161504
pmcid: 4161504
Son S, Shim D-W, Hwang I, Park J-H, Yu J-W (2019) Chemotherapeutic agent paclitaxel mediates priming of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Front Immunol 10:1108
pubmed: 31156650
pmcid: 6532018
Vyas D, Laput G, Vyas AK (2014) Chemotherapy-enhanced inflammation may lead to the failure of therapy and metastasis. Onco Targets Ther 7:1015–1023
pubmed: 24959088
pmcid: 4061164
Moossavi M, Parsamanesh N, Bahrami A, Atkin SL, Sahebkar A (2018) Role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in cancer. Mol Cancer 17(1):1–13
Soares PMG, Mota JMSC, Gomes AS, Oliveira RB, Assreuy AMS, Brito GAC et al (2008) Gastrointestinal dysmotility in 5-fluorouracil-induced intestinal mucositis outlasts inflammatory process resolution. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 63(1):91–98
pubmed: 18324404
Polk A, Vistisen K, Vaage-Nilsen M, Nielsen DL (2014) A systematic review of the pathophysiology of 5-fluorouracil-induced cardiotoxicity. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 15(1):47
pubmed: 25186061
pmcid: 4170068
Longley DB, Harkin DP, Johnston PG (2003) 5-fluorouracil: mechanisms of action and clinical strategies. Nat Rev cancer 3(5):330–338
pubmed: 12724731
Raghu Nadhanan R, Abimosleh SM, Su Y-W, Scherer MA, Howarth GS, Xian CJ (2012) Dietary emu oil supplementation suppresses 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy-induced inflammation, osteoclast formation, and bone loss. Am J Physiol Metab 302(11):E1440–E1449
Fujiwara K, Sakuragi N, Suzuki S, Yoshida N, Maehata K, Nishiya M et al (2003) First-line intraperitoneal carboplatin-based chemotherapy for 165 patients with epithelial ovarian carcinoma: results of long-term follow-up. Gynecol Oncol 90(3):637–643
pubmed: 13678738
Sue Y-M, Chou H-C, Chang C-C, Yang N-J, Chou Y, Juan S-H (2014) L-carnitine protects against carboplatin mediated renal injury: AMPK-and PPARα-dependent inactivation of NFAT3. PLoS One 9(8):e104079
pubmed: 25090113
pmcid: 4121315
Arafa HMM (2008) Carnitine deficiency aggravates carboplatin nephropathy through deterioration of energy status, oxidant/anti-oxidant balance, and inflammatory endocoids. Toxicology 254(1–2):51–60
pubmed: 18852009
Konstantinopoulos PA, Fountzilas E, Pillay K, Zerbini LF, Libermann TA, Cannistra SA et al (2008) Carboplatin-induced gene expression changes in vitroare prognostic of survival in epithelial ovarian cancer. BMC Med Gen 1(1):59
Li H, Cimino SK (2020) Clinical impact of the etoposide injection shortage. J Oncol Pharm Pract 26(1):187–192
pubmed: 31550989
Brooks JP, Azmy V, Thompson A, Luon D, Prozora SD, Price C et al (2020) Etoposide phosphate for pediatric orthopedic malignancies after intravenous etoposide hypersensitivity. J Oncol Pharm Pract 26(1):228–231
pubmed: 30885040
Armstrong MB, Bian X, Liu Y, Subramanian C, Ratanaproeksa AB, Shao F et al (2006) Signaling from p53 to NF-κB determines the chemotherapy responsiveness of neuroblastoma. Neoplasia (New York, NY) 8(11):964
Wood LJ, Nail LM, Perrin NA, Elsea CR, Fischer A, Druker BJ (2006) The cancer chemotherapy drug etoposide (VP-16) induces proinflammatory cytokine production and sickness behavior–like symptoms in a mouse model of cancer chemotherapy-related symptoms. Biol Res Nurs 8(2):157–169
pubmed: 17003255
Darst M, Al-Hassani M, Li T, Yi Q, Travers JM, Lewis DA et al (2004) Augmentation of chemotherapy-induced cytokine production by expression of the platelet-activating factor receptor in a human epithelial carcinoma cell line. J Immunol 172(10):6330–6335
pubmed: 15128823
Alfei S, Marengo B, Domenicotti C (2020) Polyester-based dendrimer nanoparticles combined with etoposide have an improved cytotoxic and pro-oxidant effect on human neuroblastoma cells. Antioxidants 9(1):50
pmcid: 7022520
Qiu L, Zhou G, Cao S (2020) Targeted inhibition of ULK1 enhances daunorubicin sensitivity in acute myeloid leukemia. Life Sci 243:117234
pubmed: 31887299
Gewirtz D (1999) A critical evaluation of the mechanisms of action proposed for the antitumor effects of the anthracycline antibiotics adriamycin and daunorubicin. Biochem Pharmacol 57(7):727–741
pubmed: 10075079
Sauter KAD, Wood LJ, Wong J, Iordanov M, Magun BE (2011) Doxorubicin and daunorubicin induce processing and release of interleukin-1β through activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome: Progress at a snail’s pace. Cancer Biol Ther 11(12):1008–1016
pubmed: 21464611
pmcid: 3142364
Al-Homsi AS, Roy TS, Cole K, Feng Y, Duffner U (2015) Post-transplant high-dose cyclophosphamide for the prevention of graft-versus-host disease. Biol Blood Marrow Transpl 21(4):604–611
Lefaki M, Papaevgeniou N, Tur JA, Vorgias CE, Sykiotis GP, Chondrogianni N (2020) The dietary triterpenoid 18α–Glycyrrhetinic acid protects from MMC-induced genotoxicity through the ERK/Nrf2 pathway. Redox Biol 28:101317
pubmed: 31505326
Yang Q, Deng Z, Wang D, He J, Zhang D, Tan Y et al (2020) Conjugating aptamer and mitomycin C with reductant-responsive linker leading to synergistically enhanced anti-cancer effect. J Am Chem Soc 142(5):2532–2540
pubmed: 31910340
Galadari S, Rahman A, Pallichankandy S, Thayyullathil F (2017) Reactive oxygen species and cancer paradox: to promote or to suppress? Free Radic Biol Med 104:144–164
pubmed: 28088622
Liou GY, Storz P (2010) Reactive oxygen species in cancer. Free Radic Res 44(5):479–496
pubmed: 20370557
Nagaraja AS, Dorniak PL, Sadaoui NC, Kang Y, Lin T, Armaiz-Pena G et al (2016) Sustained adrenergic signaling leads to increased metastasis in ovarian cancer via increased PGE2 synthesis. Oncogene 35(18):2390–2397
pubmed: 26257064
Tong D, Liu Q, Liu G, Xu J, Lan W, Jiang Y et al (2017) Metformin inhibits castration-induced EMT in prostate cancer by repressing COX2/PGE2/STAT3 axis. Cancer Lett 389:23–32
pubmed: 28043910
Filipenko I, Schwalm S, Reali L, Pfeilschifter J, Fabbro D, Huwiler A et al (2016) Upregulation of the S1P3 receptor in metastatic breast cancer cells increases migration and invasion by induction of PGE2 and EP2/EP4 activation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 1861(11):1840–1851
Rajabi M, Mousa SA (2017) The role of angiogenesis in cancer treatment. Biomedicines 5(2):34
pmcid: 5489820
Pai R, Szabo IL, Soreghan BA, Atay S, Kawanaka H, Tarnawski AS (2001) PGE2 stimulates VEGF expression in endothelial cells via ERK2/JNK1 signaling pathways. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 286(5):923–928
pubmed: 11527387
Blaser H, Dostert C, Mak TW, Brenner D (2016) TNF and ROS Crosstalk in Inflammation. Trends Cell Biol 26(4):249–261
pubmed: 26791157
Sasi SP, Yan X, Enderling H, Park D, Gilbert HY, Curry C et al (2012) Breaking the harmony of TNF-α signaling for cancer treatment. Oncogene 31(37):4117–4127
pubmed: 22158049
Ham B, Fernandez MC, D’Costa Z, Brodt P (2016) The diverse roles of the TNF axis in cancer progression and metastasis. Trends Cancer Res 11(1):1–27
pubmed: 27928197
pmcid: 5138060
Wang X, Lin Y (2008) Tumor necrosis factor and cancer, buddies or foes? Acta Pharmacol Sin 29(11):1275–1288
pubmed: 18954521
Liu W, Lu X, Shi P, Yang G, Zhou Z, Li W et al (2020) TNF-α increases breast cancer stem-like cells through up-regulating TAZ expression via the non-canonical NF-κB pathway. Sci Rep 10(1):1–11
Landskron G, De La Fuente M, Thuwajit P, Thuwajit C, Hermoso MA (2014) Chronic inflammation and cytokines in the tumor microenvironment. J Immunol Res 2014:149185
Shrihari TG (2017) Dual role of inflammatory mediators in cancer. Ecancermedicalscience Cancer Intelligence 11:720
Carmi Y, Dotan S, Rider P, Kaplanov I, White MR, Baron R et al (2013) The role of IL-1β in the early tumor cell-induced angiogenic response. J Immunol 190(7):3500–3509
pubmed: 23475218
Bingle L, Brown NJ, Lewis CE (2002) The role of tumour-associated macrophages in tumour progression: Implications for new anticancer therapies. J Pathol 196(3):254–265
pubmed: 11857487
Baker KJ, Houston A, Brint E (2019) IL-1 family members in cancer; two sides to every story. Front Immunol 10:1197
pubmed: 31231372
pmcid: 6567883
Mantovani A, Barajon I, Garlanda C (2018) IL-1 and IL-1 regulatory pathways in cancer progression and therapy. Immunol Rev 281(1):57–61
pubmed: 29247996
pmcid: 5922413
Wang L (2010) INTERLEUKIN-1 BETA PROMOTES EPITHELIAL-MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION AND A STEM CELL PHENOTYPE OF COLON CANCER CELLS VIA ZEB1/2 by YIJING LI. Kansas State University
Liu S, Liu D, Zeng X, Wang J, Liu J, Cheng J et al (2018) PA28γ acts as a dual regulator of IL-6 and CCL2 and contributes to tumor angiogenesis in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Lett 428:192–200
pubmed: 29702196
Fu Q, Liu P, Sun X, Huang S, Han F, Zhang L et al (2017) Ribonucleic acid interference knockdown of IL-6 enhances the efficacy of cisplatin in laryngeal cancer stem cells by down-regulating the IL-6/STAT3/HIF1 pathway. Cancer Cell Int 17(1):79
pubmed: 28878571
pmcid: 5584337
Gai X, Zhou P, Xu M, Liu Z, Zheng X, Liu Q (2020) Hyperactivation of IL-6/STAT3 pathway leaded to the poor prognosis of post-TACE HCCs by HIF-1α/SNAI1 axis-induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition. J Cancer 11(3):570–582
pubmed: 31942180
pmcid: 6959052
Liao Z, Chua D, Tan NS (2019) Reactive oxygen species: a volatile driver of field cancerization and metastasis. Mol Cancer 18(1):65
pubmed: 30927919
pmcid: 6441160
Tabruyn SP, Griffioen AW (2008) NF-κB: A new player in angiostatic therapy. Angiogenesis 11:101–106
pubmed: 18283548
pmcid: 2268731
Harrington BS, Annunziata CM (2019) Nf-κb signaling in ovarian cancer. Cancers 11(8):1182
Smith SM, Lyu YL, Cai L (2014) NF-κB Affects proliferation and invasiveness of breast cancer cells by regulating cd44 expression. PLoS One 9(9):e106966
Cui X, Shen D, Kong C, Zhang Z, Zeng Y, Lin X et al (2017) NF-κ B suppresses apoptosis and promotes bladder cancer cell proliferation by upregulating survivin expression in vitro and in vivo. Sci Rep 7(1):1–13
Li B, Huang C (2017) Regulation of EMT by STAT3 in gastrointestinal cancer (Review). Int J Oncol 50(3):753–767
pubmed: 28098855
Xu Q, Briggs J, Park S, Niu G, Kortylewski M, Zhang S et al (2005) Targeting Stat3 blocks both HIF-1 and VEGF expression induced by multiple oncogenic growth signaling pathways. Oncogene 24(36):5552–5560
pubmed: 16007214
Qin JJ, Yan L, Zhang J, Zhang WD (2019) STAT3 as a potential therapeutic target in triple negative breast cancer: a systematic review. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 38(1):195
pubmed: 31088482
pmcid: 6518732