Optimisation of Bee Pollen Extraction to Maximise Extractable Antioxidant Constituents.
2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)
Jarrah
Marri
antioxidant activity
bee pollen
extraction
ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP)
multilevel factor analysis (MFA)
optimisation
review
total phenolic content (TPC)
Journal
Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)
ISSN: 2076-3921
Titre abrégé: Antioxidants (Basel)
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101668981
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
12 Jul 2021
12 Jul 2021
Historique:
received:
06
06
2021
revised:
06
07
2021
accepted:
07
07
2021
entrez:
6
8
2021
pubmed:
7
8
2021
medline:
7
8
2021
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
This paper presents the findings of a comprehensive review on common bee pollen processing methods which can impact extraction efficiency and lead to differences in measured total phenolic content (TPC) and radical scavenging activity based on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) data. This hampers the comparative analysis of bee pollen from different floral sources and geographical locations. Based on the review, an in-depth investigation was carried out to identify the most efficient process to maximise the extraction of components for measurement of TPC, DPPH and FRAP antioxidant activity for two bee pollen samples from western Australia (Jarrah and Marri pollen). Optimisation by Design of Experiment with Multilevel Factorial Analysis (Categorical) modelling was performed. The independent variables included pollen pulverisation, the extraction solvent (70% aqueous ethanol, ethanol, methanol and water) and the extraction process (agitation, maceration, reflux and sonication). The data demonstrate that non-pulverised bee pollen extracted with 70% aqueous ethanol using the agitation extraction method constitute the optimal conditions to maximise the extraction of phenolics and antioxidant principles in these bee pollen samples.
Identifiants
pubmed: 34356345
pii: antiox10071113
doi: 10.3390/antiox10071113
pmc: PMC8301099
pii:
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Subventions
Organisme : Cooperative Research Centre for Honey Bee Products
ID : Project 33
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