Sexual Dimorphism and Gender in Infectious Diseases.
gender
infectious disease
personalized medicine
sex hormones
sexual dimorphism
Journal
Frontiers in immunology
ISSN: 1664-3224
Titre abrégé: Front Immunol
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101560960
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
2021
2021
Historique:
received:
20
04
2021
accepted:
08
07
2021
entrez:
9
8
2021
pubmed:
10
8
2021
medline:
15
12
2021
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Epidemiological studies and clinical observations show evidence of sexual dimorphism in infectious diseases. Women are at less risk than men when it comes to developing most infectious diseases. However, understanding these observations requires a gender approach that takes into account an analysis of both biological and social factors. The host's response to infection differs in males and females because sex differences have an impact on hormonal and chromosomal control of immunity. Estradiol appears to confer protective immunity, while progesterone and testosterone suppress anti-infectious responses. In addition, genetic factors, including those associated with sex chromosomes, also affect susceptibility to infections. Finally, differences in occupational activities, lifestyle, and comorbidities play major roles in exposure to pathogens and management of diseases. Hence, considering sexual dimorphism as a critical variable for infectious diseases should be one of the steps taken toward developing personalized therapeutic approaches.
Identifiants
pubmed: 34367158
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.698121
pmc: PMC8339590
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
698121Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2021 Gay, Melenotte, Lakbar, Mezouar, Devaux, Raoult, Bendiane, Leone and Mège.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
ML served as speaker for MSD, Aspen and as consultant for Amomed, Ambuand Gilead. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
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