Acute toxicity of the insecticide abamectin and the fungicide difenoconazole (individually and in mixture) to the tropical stingless bee Melipona scutellaris.
Mixture toxicity
Pesticides
Stingless bees
Terrestrial ecotoxicology
Tropics
Journal
Ecotoxicology (London, England)
ISSN: 1573-3017
Titre abrégé: Ecotoxicology
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 9885956
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Nov 2021
Nov 2021
Historique:
accepted:
13
07
2021
pubmed:
12
8
2021
medline:
3
11
2021
entrez:
11
8
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Stingless bees have been recognized as essential plant pollinators and producers of various natural products in neotropical areas. Research into the potential risks of pesticides they may be exposed to in agricultural fields, however, remains meagre. Especially the toxicity of pesticide mixtures likely to occur under real-world conditions and that are likely to exert synergetic effects has been poorly studied. The aim of the present study was therefore to evaluate the single and mixture acute contact and oral toxicity of commercial products containing the insecticide abamectin and the fungicide difenoconazole in laboratory bioassays with the Brazilian native stingless bee Melipona scutellaris. In addition, a comparison of the insecticide sensitivity of stingless bees relative to the honeybee Apis mellifera was made based on previously published toxicity data. Except for oral exposure to abamectin, M. scutellaris appeared to be more sensitive that A. mellifera in the single compound toxicity tests. A difenoconazole concentration at the NOEC (no observed effect concentration) level indicated a synergetic toxic interaction with abamectin. A sensitivity comparison based on published toxicity data for A. mellifera and stingless bees indicated several insecticidal modes of action having a high relative sensitivity to stingless bees that need especial consideration in future studies. The research findings highlight the need for testing native bee species and environmentally relevant pesticide mixtures in risk assessments to avoid underestimation of potential risks to bee populations and the subsequent loss of pollination ecosystem services.
Identifiants
pubmed: 34379243
doi: 10.1007/s10646-021-02458-7
pii: 10.1007/s10646-021-02458-7
doi:
Substances chimiques
Dioxolanes
0
Fungicides, Industrial
0
Insecticides
0
Triazoles
0
abamectin
5U8924T11H
Ivermectin
70288-86-7
difenoconazole
D9612XCH4P
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
1872-1879Informations de copyright
© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
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