Risk perception of COVID-19 among sub-Sahara Africans: a web-based comparative survey of local and diaspora residents.


Journal

BMC public health
ISSN: 1471-2458
Titre abrégé: BMC Public Health
Pays: England
ID NLM: 100968562

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
18 08 2021
Historique:
received: 20 02 2021
accepted: 24 06 2021
entrez: 18 8 2021
pubmed: 19 8 2021
medline: 24 8 2021
Statut: epublish

Résumé

Perceived risk towards the coronavirus pandemic is key to improved compliance with public health measures to reduce the infection rates. This study investigated how Sub-Saharan Africans (SSA) living in their respective countries and those in the diaspora perceive their risk of getting infected by the COVID-19 virus as well as the associated factors. A web-based cross-sectional survey on 1969 participants aged 18 years and above (55.1% male) was conducted between April 27th and May 17th 2020, corresponding to the mandatory lockdown in most SSA countries. The dependent variable was the perception of risk for contracting COVID-19 scores. Independent variables included demographic characteristics, and COVID-19 related knowledge and attitude scores. Univariate and multiple linear regression analyses identified the factors associated with risk perception towards COVID-19. Among the respondents, majority were living in SSA (n = 1855, 92.8%) and 143 (7.2%) in the diaspora. There was no significant difference in the mean risk perception scores between the two groups (p = 0.117), however, those aged 18-28 years had lower risk perception scores (p = 0.003) than the older respondents, while those who were employed (p = 0.040) and had higher levels of education (p < 0.001) had significantly higher risk perception scores than other respondents. After adjusting for covariates, multivariable analyses revealed that SSA residents aged 39-48 years (adjusted coefficient, β = 0.06, 95% CI [0.01, 1.19]) and health care sector workers (β = 0.61, 95% CI [0.09, 1.14]) reported a higher perceived risk of COVID-19. Knowledge and attitude scores increased as perceived risk for COVID-19 increased for both SSAs in Africa (β = 1.19, 95% CI [1.05, 1.34] for knowledge; β = 0.63, 95% CI [0.58, 0.69] for attitude) and in Diaspora (β = 1.97, 95% CI [1.16, 2.41] for knowledge; β = 0.30, 95% CI [0.02, 0.58] for attitude). There is a need to promote preventive measures focusing on increasing people's knowledge about COVID-19 and encouraging positive attitudes towards the mitigation measures such as vaccines and education. Such interventions should target the younger population, less educated and non-healthcare workers.

Sections du résumé

BACKGROUND
Perceived risk towards the coronavirus pandemic is key to improved compliance with public health measures to reduce the infection rates. This study investigated how Sub-Saharan Africans (SSA) living in their respective countries and those in the diaspora perceive their risk of getting infected by the COVID-19 virus as well as the associated factors.
METHODS
A web-based cross-sectional survey on 1969 participants aged 18 years and above (55.1% male) was conducted between April 27th and May 17th 2020, corresponding to the mandatory lockdown in most SSA countries. The dependent variable was the perception of risk for contracting COVID-19 scores. Independent variables included demographic characteristics, and COVID-19 related knowledge and attitude scores. Univariate and multiple linear regression analyses identified the factors associated with risk perception towards COVID-19.
RESULTS
Among the respondents, majority were living in SSA (n = 1855, 92.8%) and 143 (7.2%) in the diaspora. There was no significant difference in the mean risk perception scores between the two groups (p = 0.117), however, those aged 18-28 years had lower risk perception scores (p = 0.003) than the older respondents, while those who were employed (p = 0.040) and had higher levels of education (p < 0.001) had significantly higher risk perception scores than other respondents. After adjusting for covariates, multivariable analyses revealed that SSA residents aged 39-48 years (adjusted coefficient, β = 0.06, 95% CI [0.01, 1.19]) and health care sector workers (β = 0.61, 95% CI [0.09, 1.14]) reported a higher perceived risk of COVID-19. Knowledge and attitude scores increased as perceived risk for COVID-19 increased for both SSAs in Africa (β = 1.19, 95% CI [1.05, 1.34] for knowledge; β = 0.63, 95% CI [0.58, 0.69] for attitude) and in Diaspora (β = 1.97, 95% CI [1.16, 2.41] for knowledge; β = 0.30, 95% CI [0.02, 0.58] for attitude).
CONCLUSIONS
There is a need to promote preventive measures focusing on increasing people's knowledge about COVID-19 and encouraging positive attitudes towards the mitigation measures such as vaccines and education. Such interventions should target the younger population, less educated and non-healthcare workers.

Identifiants

pubmed: 34404377
doi: 10.1186/s12889-021-11600-3
pii: 10.1186/s12889-021-11600-3
pmc: PMC8370831
doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

1562

Informations de copyright

© 2021. The Author(s).

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Auteurs

Emmanuel Kwasi Abu (EK)

Department of Optometry and Vision Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cape Coast, 00233, Cape Coast, Ghana.

Richard Oloruntoba (R)

School of Management and Marketing, Faculty of Business and Law, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, 6151, Australia.

Uchechukwu Levi Osuagwu (UL)

Translational Health Research Institute (THRI), School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia. l.osuagwu@westernsydney.edu.au.
Discipline of Optometry, School of Health Sciences, African Vision Research Institute (AVRI), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 3629, South Africa. l.osuagwu@westernsydney.edu.au.

Dipesh Bhattarai (D)

Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.

Chundung Asabe Miner (CA)

Department of Community Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria.

Piwuna Christopher Goson (PC)

Department of Psychiatry, College of Health Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria.

Raymond Langsi (R)

Health Division, University of Bamenda Bambili, Bamenda, Cameroon.

Obinna Nwaeze (O)

County Durham and Darlington National Health Service (NHS) Foundation, Darlington, DL3 0PD, UK.

Timothy G Chikasirimobi (TG)

Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, School of Public Health, Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kakamega, 50100, Kenya.

Godwin O Ovenseri-Ogbomo (GO)

Discipline of Optometry, School of Health Sciences, African Vision Research Institute (AVRI), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 3629, South Africa.
Department of Optometry, Center for Health Sciences, University of Highlands and Islands, Old Perth Road, IV2 3JH, Scotland.
Department of Optometry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria.

Bernadine N Ekpenyong (BN)

Discipline of Optometry, School of Health Sciences, African Vision Research Institute (AVRI), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 3629, South Africa.
Department of Public Health, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria.

Deborah Donald Charwe (DD)

Tanzania Food and Nutrition Center, P. O. Box 977, Dar-es Salaam, Tanzania.

Khathutshelo Percy Mashige (KP)

Discipline of Optometry, School of Health Sciences, African Vision Research Institute (AVRI), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 3629, South Africa.

Tanko Ishaya (T)

Department of Computer Science, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria.

Kingsley Emwinyore Agho (KE)

Discipline of Optometry, School of Health Sciences, African Vision Research Institute (AVRI), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 3629, South Africa.
School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia.

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