Wastewater aerosols produced during flushing toilets, WWTPs, and irrigation with reclaimed municipal wastewater as indirect exposure to SARS-CoV-2.
Aerosolized wastewater
Bioaerosol
COVID-19
SARS-CoV-2
Virus-laden aerosols
Wastewater
Journal
Journal of environmental chemical engineering
ISSN: 2213-2929
Titre abrégé: J Environ Chem Eng
Pays: Netherlands
ID NLM: 101673966
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Oct 2021
Oct 2021
Historique:
received:
13
06
2021
revised:
05
08
2021
accepted:
10
08
2021
pubmed:
19
8
2021
medline:
19
8
2021
entrez:
18
8
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
The detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in raw and treated wastewater can open up a fresh perspective to waterborne and aerosolized wastewater as a new transmission route of SARS-CoV-2 RNA during the current pandemic. The aim of this paper is to discuss the potential transmission of SARS-CoV-2 RNA from wastewater aerosols formed during toilet flushing, plumbing failure, wastewater treatment plants, and municipal wastewater reuse for irrigation. Moreover, how these aerosols might increase the risk of exposure to this novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2 RNA). This article supplies a review of the literature on the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in untreated wastewater, as well as the fate and stability of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater. We also reviewed the existing literatures on generation and transmission of aerosolized wastewater through flush a toilet, house's plumbing networks, WWTPs, wastewater reuse for irrigation of agricultural areas. Finally, the article briefly studies the potential risk of infection with exposure to the fecal bioaerosols of SARS-CoV-2 RNA for the people who might be exposed through flushing toilets or faulty building plumbing systems, operators/workers in wastewater treatment plants, and workers of fields irrigated with treated wastewater - based on current knowledge. Although this review highlights the indirect transmission of SARS-CoV-2 RNA through wastewater aerosols, no research has yet clearly demonstrated the role of aerosolized wastewater in disease transmission regarding the continuation of this pandemic. Therefore, there is a need for additional studies on wastewater aerosols in transmission of COVID-19.
Identifiants
pubmed: 34405082
doi: 10.1016/j.jece.2021.106201
pii: S2213-3437(21)01178-7
pmc: PMC8361049
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Pagination
106201Informations de copyright
© 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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