Very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs) regenerate whereas mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) rejuvenate diseased reproductive tissues.
Endometrial stem cells (EnSCs)
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs)
Niche
Ovarian stem cells (OSCs)
Progenitors
Regeneration
Rejuvenation
Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs)
Stem cells
Very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs)
Journal
Stem cell reviews and reports
ISSN: 2629-3277
Titre abrégé: Stem Cell Rev Rep
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 101752767
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
06 2022
06 2022
Historique:
accepted:
11
08
2021
pubmed:
20
8
2021
medline:
23
6
2022
entrez:
19
8
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Compared to embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells, mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) have made their presence felt with good therapeutic promise and safety profile. Transplanting MSCs has successfully helped to reverse infertility and resulted in live births in animal models and also in humans. But the underlying mechanism for their therapeutic potential is not yet clear. MSCs are not pluripotent and hence lack plasticity to differentiate into multiple adult cell types. They rather act as 'paracrine providers' to the tissue-resident stem cells since similar beneficial effects are also observed when their secretome (microvesicles or exosomes) is transplanted. Cytokines, growth factors, signaling lipids, mRNAs, and miRNAs secreted by MSCs enables tissue-resident stem cells to undergo differentiation into specific cell types. Tissue-resident stem cells include pluripotent, very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs) and progenitors [spermatogonial (SSCs), ovarian (OSCs) and endometrial (EnSCs) stem cells in testes, ovary and uterus respectively] which function in a subtle manner to maintain life-long tissue homeostasis and regenerate damaged (non-functional) reproductive tissues by differentiating into sperm, oocytes and endometrial epithelial cells respectively. Similar to restoring spermatogenesis, primordial follicles numbers are increased upon transplanting MSCs. Published literature suggests that MSCs do not differentiate into epithelial cells in the endometrium. Nuclear OCT-4 positive VSELs and cytoplasmic OCT-4, AXIN2 and KERATIN-19 positive epithelial progenitors have a greater role during endometrial regeneration. We propose, transplantation of MSCs simply provides growth factors/cytokines essential for the tissue-resident stem/progenitor cells to undergo differentiation into sperm, eggs and endometrial epithelial cells in the reproductive tissues.
Identifiants
pubmed: 34410593
doi: 10.1007/s12015-021-10243-6
pii: 10.1007/s12015-021-10243-6
doi:
Substances chimiques
Cytokines
0
Types de publication
Letter
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
1718-1727Informations de copyright
© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
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